Yuav Ua Li Cas Tshawb Nrhiav Cov Khoom Siv Raw: Daim Ntawv Qhia Ua tiav

Forging yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov hlau siv los tsim cov khoom ua tau zoo rau kev lag luam xws li aerospace, tsheb, roj thiab roj, lub zog, thiab tshuab. Kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm forged qhov chaw hnyav heev nyob ntawm qhovzoo ntawm cov khoom siv rawsiv. Txhua qhov tsis sib xws hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev huv huv, lossis cov qauv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag thaum forging lossis ua tsis tiav hauv kev pabcuam.

Txhawm rau kom cov khoom zoo thiab ua raws li cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau uakev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev xeemntawm forging raw khoom. Hauv kab lus no, peb tshawb nrhiavyuav ua li cas xyuas forging raw khoom, cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb koom nrog, cov qauv kev lag luam, thiab cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv traceability thiab ntawv pov thawj. Txawm hais tias koj yog tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas zoo, tus thawj tswj kev yuav khoom, lossis tus kws ua haujlwm forging, phau ntawv qhia no yuav pab koj txhim kho koj cov txheej txheem tswj cov khoom.

Dab tsi yog Forging Raw Materials?

Forging raw cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rauhlau inputs-feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm billets, ingots, tuav, los yog paj - siv los tsim forged qhov chaw. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem yog:

• Cov pa roj carbon steel

• Hlau alloy

• Stainless hlau

• Nickel-raws li alloys

• Titanium alloys

• Aluminium alloys

Txhua yam khoom siv yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg, mechanical, thiab metallurgical nruj kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ua tiav zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom.

sakysteel uamuab cov khoom zoo forging raw cov ntaub ntawv nrog tag nrho cov ntawv pov thawj zeb, traceability, thiab kev tswj kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom specifications thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam.

Vim li cas Raw Material Inspection tseem ceeb?

Tshawb xyuas forging raw khoom kom paub meej:

• Kho cov khoom qib thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg

• Ua raws li cov qauv (ASTM, EN, DIN, JIS)

• Internal soundness thiab huv si

• Traceability rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov neeg siv khoom

• Tiv thaiv forging defects (kawg, porosity, non-metallic inclusions)

Yog tias tsis muaj kev kuaj xyuas kom raug, kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom tsis ua raws, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem, thiab cov neeg siv khoom tsis txaus siab nce ntxiv.

Kauj ruam-by-Step Guide to Checking Forging Raw Materials

1. Txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv yuav khoom thiab daim ntawv pov thawj Mill Test (MTC)

Thawj kauj ruam yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv:

• MTC (Mill Test Certificate): Muaj cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, kev kho cua sov, thiab cov qauv.

• Hom ntawv pov thawj: Xyuas kom nws ua rawsEN10204 3.1 or 3.2yog xav tau kev pov thawj thib peb.

• Thaum tshav kub kub Number & Batch ID: Yuav tsum tau traceable rau cov khoom siv lub cev.

sakysteel uamuab tag nrho cov forging raw cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws MTCs thiab thib peb-tog soj ntsuam kev xaiv rau tej yaam num tseem ceeb.

2. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag

Thaum tau txais cov ntaub ntawv raw, ua ib qho kev kuaj pom los txheeb xyuas:

• Deg defects (kawg, pits, xeb, nplai, laminations)

• Deformation los yog warping

• Daim ntawv lo tsis tiav lossis tsis muaj tag

Kos thiab cais cov khoom siv uas tsis ua raws li kev lees paub. Kev kuaj pom pom pab tiv thaiv cov khoom tsis raug los ntawm kev nkag mus rau txheej txheem forging.

3. Chemical Composition Analysis

Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom sib tw rau qib uas xav tau, uatshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg tsom xamsiv:

• Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES): Kom ceev thiab raug ntawm qhov chaw pov thawj

• X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF): Haum rau kev txheeb xyuas cov alloy ceev

• Kev tshuaj ntsuam ntub dej: Ntau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, siv rau cov alloys nyuaj lossis kev txiav txim siab

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los kuaj xyuas muaj xws li:

• Carbon, manganese, silicon (rau hlau)

• Chromium, npib tsib xee, molybdenum (rau stainless thiab alloy steels)

• Titanium, aluminium, vanadium (rau Ti alloys)

• Hlau, cobalt (rau nickel-based alloys)

Sib piv cov qhab nia xeem nrog cov qauv tshwj xeeb xws liASTM A29, ASTM A182, lossis EN 10088.

4. Mechanical Property Testing

Qee daim ntawv thov forging tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov khoom siv raw khoom ua ntej ua haujlwm. Cov kev kuaj pom muaj xws li:

• Kev Ntsuas Tensile: Yield zog, tensile zog, elongation

• Kev kuaj Hardness: Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRB/HRC), los yog Vickers (HV)

• Impact Testing (Charpy V-notch): Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntawv thov kub tsawg

Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no feem ntau ua rau ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv raw lossis raws li MTC.

5. Ultrasonic Testing (UT) rau Internal Defects

Ultrasonic tshuaj xyuas yog ib txoj kev uas tsis yog kev puas tsuaj siv los xyuas:

• Sab hauv tawg

• Porosity

• Shrinkage kab noj hniav

• suav nrog

UT yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov chaw muaj kev ncaj ncees hauv aerospace, nuclear, lossis roj thiab roj. Nws pab kom covinternal soundnessntawm cov khoom ua ntej forging.

Cov qauv muaj xws li:

• ASTM A388 Cov khoom lag luamrau steel bars

• SIB 1921rau cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog

sakysteel uaua UT raws li ib feem ntawm tus txheej txheem QC rau tag nrho cov forging-qib tuav siab tshaj 50 hli inch.

6. Kev xeem Macro thiab Microstructure

Ntsuas cov khoom siv tus qauv siv:

• Kev xeem Macroetch: Tshaj tawm cov kab khiav, kev sib cais, kab nrib pleb

• Microscopic Analysis: Cov qoob loo loj, suav nrog kev ntsuas, theem faib

Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov cuab yeej steel, qhov twg cov qauv zoo li qub kom ua tau zoo.

Etching thiab metallographic kuaj ua raws li cov qauv ASTM xws liASTM E 381 Cov Lus Qhia or ASTM E112.

7. Dimensional thiab hnyav soj ntsuam

Txheeb xyuas qhov ntev xws li:

• Txoj kab uas hla los yog hla ntu

• Ntev

• Nyhav ib thooj los yog ib 'meter'

Siv cov calipers, micrometers, thiab ntsuas qhov hnyav. Tolerances yuav tsum ua raws li:

• TS EN 10060rau round bars

• TS EN 10058rau flatbars

• TS EN 10278rau precision steel tuav

Qhov tseeb qhov ntev yog qhov tseem ceeb rau forging tuag haum thiab cov khoom ntim tswj.

8. Nto huv huv thiab decarburization xyuas

Nto tiav yuav tsum yog dawb los ntawm:

• Ntau dhau scale

• xeb

• Roj thiab roj

• Decarburization (poob carbon deg)

Decarburization tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas los ntawm metallographic sectioning lossis kuaj lub txim. Tshaj decarburization tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsej muag ntawm qhov kawg forged tsis muaj zog.

9. Material Traceability thiab Marking

Txhua yam khoom yuav tsum muaj:

• Tshem cov cim cim npe lossis cov xim pleev xim

• Thaum tshav kub kub tooj thiab batch tooj

• Barcode lossis QR code (rau kev taug qab digital)

Xyuas kom traceability los ntawmraw khoom rau tiav forging, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev lag luam tseem ceeb xws li aerospace, tiv thaiv, thiab lub zog.

sakysteel uatuav tag nrho traceability los ntawm barcode systems, ERP kev koom ua ke, thiab cov ntaub ntawv rau txhua lub tshav kub batch.

Kev lag luam Standards for Raw Material Inspection