Mokhoa oa ho Hlahloba ho Forging Raw Materials: Tataiso e Felletseng

Forging ke ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea ho theha tšepe e sebelisetsoang ho etsa lisebelisoa tse sebetsang hantle haholo bakeng sa liindasteri tse kang sefofane, likoloi, oli le khase, matla le mechini. Ts'ebetso le ts'epahalo ea likarolo tse ferekaneng li itšetlehile haholo ka hoboleng ba thepa e talasebedisoa. Ho se lumellane hofe kapa hofe ha sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, bohloeki, kapa sebopeho ho ka baka liphoso nakong ea ho qhekella kapa ho hloleha ts'ebeletso.

Ho netefatsa boleng ba sehlahisoa le ho latela litekanyetso tsa bareki le tsa machabeng, ho bohlokoa ho e phethatlhahlobo le tlhahlobo e felletsengea ho etsa thepa e tala. Sehloohong sena, re hlahlobamokhoa oa ho hlahloba forging thepa e tala, mekhoa ea bohlokoa e amehang, maemo a indasteri, le mekhoa e metle ea ho lateloa ha thepa le ho fana ka setifikeiti. Hore na o mohlahlobi oa boleng, molaoli oa theko, kapa moenjiniere oa forging, tataiso ena e tla u thusa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea hau ea taolo ea thepa.

Ho Forging Raw Materials ke Eng?

Forging thepa e tala bua kalisebelisoa tsa tšepe—hangata e le li-billet, li-ingots, litšepe kapa lithunthung—tse sebelisetsoang ho etsa likarolo tse ferekaneng. Lisebelisoa tsena e ka ba:

• Tšepe ea carbon

• Tšepe ea motsoako

• Ts'epe e sa beng le mabali

• Li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel

• Lisebelisoa tsa titanium

• Lisebelisoa tsa aluminium

Ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e tlameha ho kopana le litekanyetso tse thata tsa lik'hemik'hale, tsa mechine le tsa metallurgic ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho etsoa ka katleho le ho sebetsa ha sehlahisoa.

sakysteele fana ka lisebelisoa tsa boleng bo holimo tse nang le litifikeiti tse felletseng tsa leloala, traceability, le taolo ea boleng ho fihlela litlhoko tsa bareki ho pholletsa le limmaraka tsa lefats'e.

Ke Hobane'ng ha Tlhahlobo ea Raw Material e le Bohlokoa?

Ho lekola lisebelisoa tse tala ho netefatsa:

• Kereiti e nepahetseng ea thepa le sebopeho

• Ho lumellana le maemo (ASTM, EN, DIN, JIS)

• Ho hloeka ha ka hare le bohloeki

• Traceability bakeng sa lihlahlobo le netefatso ea bareki

• Thibelo ea mefokolo ea ho theha (mapetsong, porosity, li-non-metallic inclusions)

Ntle le licheke tse nepahetseng, kotsi ea lihlahisoa tse sa lumellaneng, litšitiso tsa ts'ebetso, le litletlebo tsa bareki li eketseha haholo.

Tataiso ea Mehato ka Mehato ea ho Lekola Lisebelisoa tsa Forging Raw

1. Netefatsa Litokomane tsa Theko le Setifikeiti sa Tlhahlobo ea Mill (MTC)

Mohato oa pele ke ho netefatsa litokomane tsa thepa:

• MTC (Setifikeiti sa Tlhahlobo ea Mill): E kenyelletsa metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale, thepa ea mochine, boemo ba phekolo ea mocheso, le litekanyetso.

• Mofuta oa Setifikeiti: Netefatsa hore e lumellana leEN10204 3.1 or 3.2haeba netefatso ea motho oa boraro e hlokahala.

• Nomoro ea Mocheso & Batch ID: E tlameha ho ts'oara lintho tse bonahalang.

sakysteele fana ka lisebelisoa tsohle tse tala tse nang le li-MTC tse qaqileng le likhetho tsa tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro bakeng sa merero ea bohlokoa.

2. Tlhahlobo ea Pono

Ha u fumana lisebelisoa tse tala, etsa tlhahlobo ea pono ho tseba:

• Mefokolo ea holim'a metsi (mapetsong, mekoting, mafome, sekala, li-laminations)

• Deformation kapa warping

• Li-tag tse sa fellang kapa tse sieo

Tšoaea 'me u khetholle boitsebiso leha e le bofe bo sa finyelle litekanyetso tsa ho amoheloa. Tlhahlobo ea pono e thusa ho thibela ho kenya lintho tse fosahetseng hore li se ke tsa kena tšebetsong ea forging.

3. Tlhahlobo ea Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale

Ho etsa bonnete ba hore thepa e lumellana le kereiti e hlokahalang, etsatlhahlobo ea sebopeho sa lik'hemik'halesebelisa:

• Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES): Bakeng sa netefatso e potlakileng le e nepahetseng sebakeng sa marang-rang

• X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF): E loketse bakeng sa boitsebiso bo potlakileng ba alloy

• Tlhahlobo ea Lik'hemik'hale Tse Metsi: E qaqileng haholoanyane, e sebelisetsoang li-alloys tse rarahaneng kapa tsekisano

Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse lokelang ho hlahlojoa li kenyelletsa:

• Carbon, manganese, silicon (bakeng sa tšepe)

• Chromium, nickel, molybdenum (bakeng sa litšepe tse se nang lesela le alloy)

• Titanium, aluminium, vanadium (bakeng sa li-alloys tsa Ti)

• Iron, cobalt (bakeng sa li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel)

Bapisa liphetho tsa liteko le litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng joalo kaASTM A29, ASTM A182, kapa EN 10088.

4. Teko ea Thepa ea Mechini

Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa ho qhekella li hloka ho lekola thepa ea thepa e tala pele e sebetsa. Liteko tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:

• Teko ea Teko: Ho fana ka matla, matla a tsitsitseng, bolelele

• Tlhahlobo ea boima: Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRB/HRC), kapa Vickers (HV)

• Teko ea Liphello (Charpy V-notch): Haholo-holo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa mocheso o tlase

Liteko tsena hangata li etsoa ho likotoana tsa liteko tse nkuoeng ho thepa e tala kapa ho latela MTC.

5. Tlhahlobo ea Ultrasonic (UT) bakeng sa Mefokolo ea Ka hare

Tlhahlobo ea Ultrasonic ke mokhoa o sa senyeheng o sebelisoang ho lemoha:

• Mapetso a ka hare

• Porosity

• Ho fokotseha ha likoti

• Kenyelletso

UT e bohlokoa bakeng sa likarolo tse nang le botšepehi bo phahameng makaleng a sefofane, nyutlelie kapa oli le khase. E thusa ho etsa bonnete ba horeho utloahala ha ka hareea lintho tse bonahalang pele ho forging.

Maemo a kenyelletsa:

• ASTM A388bakeng sa mekoallo ea tšepe

• KA 1921 SEPbakeng sa lisebelisoa tse matla haholo

sakysteele tsamaisa UT e le karolo ea ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea QC bakeng sa mekoallo eohle ea forging-grade ka holimo ho 50 mm ka bophara.

6. Tlhahlobo ea Macro le Microstructure

Lekola sebopeho sa thepa ka ho sebelisa:

• Teko ea Macroetch: E senola mela e phallang, karohano, mapetsong

• Tlhahlobo ea Microscopic: Boholo ba lijo-thollo, tekanyo ea kenyelletso, kabo ea mekhahlelo

Sena ke sa bohlokoa ka ho khetheha bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse kang lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa, moo sebopeho sa lijo-thollo se ts'oanang se tiisang ts'ebetso.

Teko ea Etching le metallographic e latela litekanyetso tsa ASTM joalo kaASTM E381 or ASTM E112.

7. Tlhahlobo ea Dimensional le Boima ba Boima

Netefatsa litekanyo tse kang:

• Diameter kapa cross-section

• Bolelele

• Boima ka sengoathoana kapa mithara

Sebelisa li-caliper, micrometer, le sekala sa ho bekha. Tolerances e lokela ho lumellana le:

• EN 10060bakeng sa mekoallo e chitja

• EN 10058bakeng sa maballo a bataletseng

• EN 10278bakeng sa litšepe tse nepahetseng

Litekanyo tse nepahetseng li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho theha "fatting fitting" le taolo ea molumo oa thepa.

8. Bohloeki ba Bokaholimo le Tlhahlobo ea Decarburization

Bokaholimo bo tlameha ho ba ntle le ho:

• Sekala se feteletseng

• Mafome

• Oli le mafura

• Decarburization (tahlehelo ea khabone ea holim'a metsi)

Decarburization e ka hlahlojoa ka likarolo tsa metallographic kapa tlhahlobo ea spark. Decarburization e feteletseng e ka fokolisa bokaholimo ba karolo ea ho qetela e entsoeng.

9. Thepa Traceability le Ho tšoaea

Boitsebiso bo bong le bo bong bo tlameha ho ba le:

• Hlakola li-tag tsa boitsebiso kapa matšoao a pente

• Nomoro ea mocheso le nomoro ea batch

• Barcode kapa khoutu ea QR (bakeng sa tracking ea dijithale)

Netefatsa traceability ho tlohathepa e tala ho qeta ho qhekella, haholo-holo bakeng sa liindasteri tsa bohlokoa tse kang sefofane, tšireletso le matla.

sakysteele boloka traceability e felletseng ka litsamaiso tsa barcode, kopanyo ea ERP, le litokomane bakeng sa beche e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea mocheso.

Maemo a Indasteri bakeng sa Tlhahlobo ea Raw Material