Ⅰ. Lub tswv yim yooj yim ntawm kev kho cua sov.
A. Lub tswv yim yooj yim ntawm kev kho cua sov.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov haujlwm ntawmkev kho cua sov:
1. Kev Ua Kub
Lub hom phiaj yog kom tau txais cov qauv austenite zoo thiab sib xws.
2. Tuav
Lub hom phiaj yog xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom ua haujlwm tau ua kom sov tag nrho thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob decarburization thiab oxidation.
3. Txias
Lub hom phiaj yog hloov austenite mus rau hauv ntau yam microstructures.
Cov qauv me me tom qab Kev Kho Mob Kub
Thaum lub sijhawm txias tom qab ua kom sov thiab tuav, cov austenite hloov pauv mus ua cov qauv sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov ceev txias. Cov qauv sib txawv muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv.
B. Lub tswv yim yooj yim ntawm kev kho cua sov.
Kev faib tawm raws li cov txheej txheem cua sov thiab txias, nrog rau Microstructure thiab Cov Khoom ntawm Hlau
1. Kev Kho Mob Kub (Kev Kho Mob Kub Tag Nrho): Tempering, Annealing, Normalizing, Quenching
2. Kev Kho Mob Kub Nto: Kev Kub Nto, Kev Kub Nto Induction, Kev Kub Nto Hluav Taws Xob, Kev Sib Txuas Lus Hluav Taws Xob.
3. Kev Kho Mob Kub: Carburizing, Nitriding, Carbonitriding.
4. Lwm Yam Kev Kho Mob Kub: Kev Kho Mob Kub Hauv Huab Cua, Kev Kho Mob Kub Hauv Lub Tshuab Nqus Tsev, Kev Kho Mob Kub Deformation.
C. Qhov Kub Tseem Ceeb ntawm Cov Hlau
Qhov kub hloov pauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab txog cov txheej txheem cua sov, tuav, thiab txias thaum lub sijhawm kho cua sov. Nws yog txiav txim siab los ntawm daim duab qhia theem hlau-carbon.
Xaus Lus Tseem Ceeb:Qhov kub hloov pauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau yeej ib txwm qis dua qhov kub hloov pauv tseem ceeb theoretical. Qhov no txhais tau tias yuav tsum tau ua kom sov dhau thaum lub sijhawm ua kom sov, thiab yuav tsum tau ua kom txias dhau thaum lub sijhawm txias.
Ⅱ. Kev Ua Kub thiab Kev Ua Kom Hlau Zoo
1. Kev Txhais Lus ntawm Annealing
Kev ua kom hlau kub yog ua kom hlau kub txog qhov kub siab dua lossis qis dua qhov chaw tseem ceeb Ac₁ tuav nws ntawm qhov kub ntawd, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias nws, feem ntau hauv lub cub tawg, kom ua tiav cov qauv ze rau qhov sib npaug.
2. Lub Hom Phiaj ntawm Kev Kub Hnyiab
① Kho Qhov Nyuaj Rau Kev Siv Tshuab: Ua tiav qhov nyuaj ntawm kev siv tshuab hauv qhov ntau ntawm HB170 ~ 230.
②Txo Kev Nyuaj Siab Ntxiv: Tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv lossis tawg thaum lub sijhawm tom ntej.
③Txhim kho cov qauv noob: Txhim kho cov qauv me me.
④Kev Npaj Rau Kev Kho Mob Thaum Kawg: Tau txais cov granular (spheroidized) pearlite rau kev quenching thiab tempering tom qab.
3. Kev Ua Kom Spheroidizing Annealing
Cov Txheej Txheem Qhia: Qhov kub ntawm cua sov nyob ze rau Ac₁ point.
Lub Hom Phiaj: Txhawm rau ua kom cov cementite lossis carbides hauv cov hlau spheroidize, ua rau cov granular (spheroidized) pearlite.
Siv Tau Ntau Yam: Siv rau cov hlau uas muaj eutectoid thiab hypereutectoid sib xyaw.
4. Kev Sib Dhos Annealing (Homogenizing Annealing)
Cov Txheej Txheem Qhia: Qhov kub ntawm cua sov yog qis dua me ntsis ntawm kab solvus ntawm daim duab theem.
Lub Hom Phiaj: Txhawm rau tshem tawm kev sib cais.
①Rau cov khoom qis-cov hlau carbonnrog cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg dua 0.25%, normalizing yog qhov zoo dua li annealing ua kev kho cua sov npaj.
②Rau cov hlau carbon nruab nrab nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 0.25% thiab 0.50%, annealing lossis normalizing tuaj yeem siv ua kev kho cua sov npaj.
③Rau cov hlau nruab nrab mus rau cov hlau carbon siab uas muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 0.50% thiab 0.75%, pom zoo kom ua kom kub tag nrho.
④Rau cov khoom siv siab-cov hlau carbonnrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua 0.75%, normalizing yog siv thawj zaug los tshem tawm lub network Fe₃C, ua raws li spheroidizing annealing.
Ⅲ. Kev Tua thiab Kev Kub ntawm Hlau
A. Kev Tua Hluav Taws
1. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua kom kub hnyiab: Kev ua kom kub hnyiab suav nrog kev ua kom hlau kub mus rau qhov kub siab dua Ac₃ lossis Ac₁, tuav nws ntawm qhov kub ntawd, thiab tom qab ntawd txias nws ntawm qhov nrawm dua li qhov txias tseem ceeb los tsim martensite.
2. Lub Hom Phiaj ntawm Kev Tua Hluav Taws: Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kom tau txais martensite (lossis qee zaum qis dua bainite) kom ua rau cov hlau tawv thiab tiv taus kev hnav. Kev tua hluav taws yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem kho cua sov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov hlau.
3.Txiav txim siab qhov kub thiab txias rau ntau hom hlau sib txawv
Hlau Hypoeutectoid: Ac₃ + 30°C txog 50°C
Eutectoid thiab Hypereutectoid Hlau: Ac₁ + 30°C txog 50°C
Cov Hlau Sib Xyaws: 50 ° C txog 100 ° C siab dua qhov kub tseem ceeb
4. Cov yam ntxwv txias ntawm qhov nruab nrab zoo tagnrho:
Txias qeeb ua ntej "Qhov Ntswg" Kub: Txhawm rau kom txo qhov kev ntxhov siab thermal txaus.
Muaj Peev Xwm Txias Siab Nyob Ze Qhov Kub "Ntswg": Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj cov qauv tsis-martensitic.
Txias qeeb ze ntawm M₅ Point: Txhawm rau txo qhov kev ntxhov siab uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv martensitic.
5. Cov Txheej Txheem Quenching thiab Lawv Cov Yam Ntxwv:
①Kev Tua Hluav Taws Xob Yooj Yim: Yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam thiab tsim nyog rau cov khoom me me, cov duab yooj yim. Cov qauv me me uas tshwm sim yog martensite (M).
②Kev Tua Ob Zaug: Nyuaj dua thiab nyuaj rau tswj, siv rau cov hlau uas muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau thiab cov hlau loj dua. Cov qauv microstructure yog martensite (M).
③Kev Kho Mob Uas Tawg: Ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj dua, siv rau cov khoom ua haujlwm loj, zoo li cov hlau sib xyaw. Cov qauv me me uas tshwm sim yog martensite (M).
④Isothermal Quenching: Siv rau cov khoom me me, cov duab nyuaj uas muaj qhov xav tau siab. Cov qauv me me uas tshwm sim yog bainite qis dua (B).
6. Yam Uas Cuam Tshuam Rau Kev Ua Kom Ruaj Khov
Qib ntawm kev tawv nyob ntawm qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov austenite supercooled hauv hlau. Qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov austenite supercooled siab dua, qhov zoo dua qhov tawv, thiab vice versa.
Cov Yam Cuam Tshuam Rau Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Supercooled Austenite:
Qhov Chaw ntawm C-Khoom: Yog tias C-khoom txav mus rau sab xis, qhov txias tseem ceeb rau kev quenching txo qis, txhim kho kev ua kom tawv.
Xaus Lus Tseem Ceeb:
Txhua yam uas hloov C-nkhaus mus rau sab xis ua rau cov hlau tawv dua.
Qhov Tseem Ceeb:
Cov Tshuaj Lom Zem: Tsuas yog cobalt (Co), txhua yam khoom sib xyaw uas yaj hauv austenite ua rau muaj zog tawv.
Qhov ze ntawm cov pa roj carbon rau cov khoom sib xyaw eutectoid hauv cov hlau carbon, qhov ntau C-nkhaus hloov mus rau sab xis, thiab qhov siab dua qhov hardenability.
7. Kev Txiav Txim Siab thiab Kev Sawv Cev ntawm Kev Ua Kom Ruaj Khov
①Kev Ntsuas Qhov Kawg ntawm Kev Ntsuas Kub: Kev ntsuas qhov kub yog ntsuas siv txoj kev ntsuas kub kawg.
②Txoj Kev Ntsuas Qhov Tseem Ceeb: Qhov ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb (D₀) sawv cev rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau uas tuaj yeem ua kom tawv tag nrho hauv cov khoom siv quenching tshwj xeeb.
B. Kev Ua Kub
1. Kev txhais ntawm Tempering
Tempering yog ib txoj kev kho cua sov uas cov hlau uas tau quenched raug rov ua kom sov mus rau qhov kub qis dua A₁ point, tuav ntawm qhov kub ntawd, thiab tom qab ntawd txias mus rau qhov kub hauv chav.
2. Lub Hom Phiaj ntawm Kev Kho Kom Zoo
Txo lossis Tshem Tawm Kev Nyuaj Siab Uas Tseem Muaj: Tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv lossis tawg ntawm qhov workpiece.
Txo lossis Tshem Tawm Cov Austenite seem: Ua kom ruaj khov qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm.
Tshem Tawm Qhov Nyuaj Ntawm Cov Hlau Uas Tau Quenched: Kho cov qauv me me thiab cov khoom kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm.
Lus Cim Tseem Ceeb: Cov hlau yuav tsum tau tempered sai li sai tau tom qab quenching.
3. Cov Txheej Txheem Tempering
1. Tsawg Tempering
Lub Hom Phiaj: Txhawm rau txo qhov kev ntxhov siab thaum quenching, txhim kho qhov toughness ntawm lub workpiece, thiab ua tiav qhov siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam.
Kub: 150 ° C ~ 250 ° C.
Kev Ua Tau Zoo: Hardness: HRC 58 ~ 64. Kev ua haujlwm siab thiab hnav tsis kam.
Daim Ntawv Thov: Cov cuab yeej, pwm, bearings, carburized qhov chaw, thiab cov khoom tawv nto.
2. Kub siab
Lub Hom Phiaj: Ua kom tiav qhov siab toughness nrog rau lub zog thiab hardness txaus.
Kub: 500 ° C ~ 600 ° C.
Kev Ua Tau Zoo: Hardness: HRC 25 ~ 35. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo tag nrho.
Daim Ntawv Thov: Shafts, iav, txuas rods, thiab lwm yam.
Kev Ua Kom Zoo Dua Thaum Tshav Kub
Kev Txhais Lus: Kev ua kom quenching ua raws li kev kub siab tempering hu ua thermal refining, lossis tsuas yog tempering. Cov hlau kho los ntawm cov txheej txheem no muaj kev ua tau zoo heev thiab siv dav.
Ⅳ. Kev Kho Mob Kub Ntawm Cov Hlau
A. Kev Kho Kom Cov Hlau Kub Nto
1. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Kev Ua Kom Nto Khoov
Kev ua kom tawv ntawm qhov chaw yog ib qho txheej txheem kho cua sov uas tsim los txhawb kom cov txheej saum npoo ntawm ib qho khoom ua haujlwm muaj zog los ntawm kev ua kom sov sai sai kom hloov cov txheej saum npoo mus ua austenite thiab tom qab ntawd txias sai sai. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua tiav yam tsis hloov pauv cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov hlau lossis cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom.
2. Cov Khoom Siv Rau Kev Ua Kom Qhov Chaw Ruaj Thiab Cov Qauv Tom Qab Ua Kom Ruaj
Cov Khoom Siv Rau Kev Ua Kom Nto Khoov
Cov Khoom Siv Ib Txwm Muaj: Cov hlau carbon nruab nrab thiab cov hlau carbon hlau nruab nrab.
Kev Kho Mob Ua Ntej: Cov Txheej Txheem Ib Txwm Muaj: Kev Kho Kom Kub. Yog tias cov khoom tseem ceeb tsis tseem ceeb, kev ua kom zoo li qub tuaj yeem siv hloov chaw.
Cov Qauv Tom Qab Khoov
Cov Qauv Nto: Cov txheej nto feem ntau tsim cov qauv tawv xws li martensite lossis bainite, uas muab kev tawv thiab kev tiv thaiv kev hnav.
Cov Qauv Tseem Ceeb: Lub hauv paus ntawm cov hlau feem ntau khaws cia nws cov qauv qub, xws li pearlite lossis tempered state, nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem ua ntej kho thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias lub hauv paus tseem muaj zog thiab tawv.
B. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua kom tawv tawv
1. Kub Kub thiab Kub Nce Sai: Kev ua kom tawv ntawm qhov chaw induction feem ntau yuav tsum muaj qhov kub kub thiab kub ceev, ua rau kub sai hauv lub sijhawm luv luv.
2. Cov qauv nplej Austenite zoo hauv txheej nto: Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom sov sai thiab tom qab ntawd quenching, txheej nto tsim cov nplej austenite zoo. Tom qab quenching, qhov chaw feem ntau yog cov martensite zoo, nrog rau qhov nyuaj feem ntau 2-3 HRC siab dua li kev quenching ib txwm muaj.
3. Qhov Zoo Ntawm Qhov Chaw: Vim yog lub sijhawm ua kom sov luv luv, qhov chaw ua haujlwm tsis tshua muaj kev oxidation thiab decarburization, thiab kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim los ntawm quenching raug txo kom tsawg, ua kom qhov chaw zoo.
4. Lub Zog Qaug Zog Siab: Qhov kev hloov pauv theem martensitic hauv txheej saum npoo tsim kev ntxhov siab compressive, uas ua rau lub zog qaug zog ntawm qhov workpiece nce ntxiv.
5. Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws: Kev ua kom tawv nqaij ntawm qhov chaw induction yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom loj, muab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
C. Kev faib tawm ntawm kev kho cua sov tshuaj
Carburizing, Carburizing, Carburizing, Chromizing, Siliconizing, Siliconizing, Siliconizing, Carbonitriding, Borocarburizing
D. Kev Siv Roj Carburizing
Kev Siv Gas Carburizing yog ib qho txheej txheem uas ib qho workpiece raug muab tso rau hauv lub cub tawg uas muaj roj carbon dioxide thiab cua sov rau qhov kub uas hloov cov hlau mus ua austenite. Tom qab ntawd, ib qho tshuaj carburizing raug nchuav rau hauv lub cub tawg, lossis ib qho chaw carburizing raug qhia ncaj qha, uas ua rau cov pa roj carbon atoms kis mus rau hauv txheej txheej ntawm qhov workpiece. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau cov pa roj carbon (wc%) ntawm qhov chaw workpiece nce ntxiv.
√Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Carburizing:
• Cov Pa roj uas muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau: Xws li cov pa roj thee, cov pa roj av liquefied (LPG), thiab lwm yam.
•Cov kua organic: Xws li kerosene, methanol, benzene, thiab lwm yam.
√Cov Txheej Txheem Carburizing:
• Kub Carburizing: 920 ~ 950 ° C.
• Lub Sijhawm Carburizing: Nyob ntawm qhov tob ntawm cov txheej carburized thiab qhov kub ntawm carburizing.
E. Kev Kho Mob Kub Tom Qab Carburizing
Cov hlau yuav tsum tau kho cua sov tom qab carburizing.
Cov txheej txheem kho cua sov tom qab Carburizing:
√Quenching + Tempering Kub Qis
1. Kev Tua Hluav Taws Xob Tom Qab Ua Ntej Txias + Kev Kub Qis: Cov khoom ua haujlwm tau ua ntej txias los ntawm qhov kub carburizing mus rau qhov siab dua qhov kub Ar₁ ntawm lub hauv paus thiab tom qab ntawd tam sim ntawd tua hluav taws xob, ua raws li kev kub qis ntawm 160 ~ 180 ° C.
2. Kev Tua Ib Zaug Tom Qab Ua Ntej Txias + Kev Kub Qis: Tom qab carburizing, qhov workpiece maj mam txias mus rau chav tsev kub, tom qab ntawd rov ua kom sov rau kev tua thiab kev kub qis.
3. Ob Chav Quenching Tom Qab Ua Ntej Txias + Kub Qis Tempering: Tom qab carburizing thiab txias qeeb, qhov workpiece dhau los ua ob theem ntawm kev cua sov thiab quenching, ua raws li qhov kub qis tempering.
Ⅴ. Kev Kho Mob Kub ntawm Cov Hlau
1. Kev txhais ntawm Kev Kho Mob Kub Tshuaj
Kev kho cua sov yog ib qho txheej txheem kho cua sov uas ib daim hlau raug muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw nruab nrab tshwj xeeb, cua sov, thiab khaws cia rau qhov kub, uas ua rau cov atoms nquag hauv qhov nruab nrab kis mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm daim hlau. Qhov no hloov cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw thiab microstructure ntawm qhov chaw ntawm daim hlau, yog li hloov nws cov yam ntxwv.
2. Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Kho Mob Kub
Kev puas tsuaj: Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom sov, cov khoom siv nquag ua rau puas tsuaj, tso cov atoms nquag.
Kev Nqus Tau: Cov atoms nquag raug adsorbed los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau thiab yaj rau hauv cov khoom khov ntawm cov hlau.
Kev Sib Kis: Cov atoms nquag nqus thiab yaj rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau txav mus rau sab hauv.
Hom Kev Kho Kom Ruaj Khoov Qhov Chaw Induction
a. Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Induction Zaus Siab
Zaus Tam Sim No: 250 ~ 300 kHz.
Qhov tob ntawm txheej tawv: 0.5 ~ 2.0 hli.
Daim Ntawv Thov: Nruab Nrab thiab me me module iav thiab me me mus rau nruab nrab-qhov loj me shafts.
b. Kev Kub Ntxhov Nruab Nrab Zaus
Zaus Tam Sim No: 2500 ~ 8000 kHz.
Qhov tob ntawm txheej tawv: 2 ~ 10 hli.
Daim Ntawv Thov: Cov ncej loj dua thiab cov iav module loj mus rau nruab nrab.
c. Lub zog-zaus Induction cua sov
Zaus Tam Sim No: 50 Hz.
Qhov tob ntawm txheej tawv: 10 ~ 15 hli.
Daim Ntawv Thov: Cov khoom ua haujlwm uas xav tau ib txheej tawv heev.
3. Kev Kho Kom Nto Kho Kom Ruaj Khoov
Lub Ntsiab Cai Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Kho Kom Ruaj Khoov Qhov Chaw
Cov nyhuv ntawm daim tawv nqaij:
Thaum lub zog hluav taws xob hloov pauv hauv lub kauj induction ua rau muaj hluav taws xob ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, feem ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas tau tsim los no nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw, thaum yuav luag tsis muaj hluav taws xob hla dhau sab hauv ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Qhov xwm txheej no hu ua qhov cuam tshuam ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Lub Ntsiab Cai ntawm Induction Surface Hardening:
Raws li qhov cuam tshuam ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov chaw ntawm qhov workpiece raug cua sov sai sai mus rau qhov kub austenitizing (nce mus rau 800 ~ 1000 ° C hauv ob peb feeb), thaum sab hauv ntawm qhov workpiece tseem yuav luag tsis kub. Tom qab ntawd, qhov workpiece raug txias los ntawm kev txau dej, ua kom qhov chaw tawv.
4. Kev Nyuaj Siab
Kev Kho Mob Brittleness hauv Cov Hlau Quenched
Tempering brittleness yog hais txog qhov xwm txheej uas qhov cuam tshuam toughness ntawm quenched hlau txo qis thaum tempered ntawm qee qhov kub.
Hom Thawj ntawm Tempering Brittleness
Kub Ntau: 250 ° C txog 350 ° C.
Cov yam ntxwv: Yog tias cov hlau quenched raug tempered hauv qhov kub no, nws yuav muaj feem ntau los tsim hom tempering brittleness no, uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm.
Kev daws teeb meem: Tsis txhob siv cov hlau uas tau quenched hauv qhov kub no.
Thawj hom tempering brittleness kuj tseem hu ua low-tempering brittleness lossis irreversible tempering brittleness.
Ⅵ. Kev ua kom sov
1. Tempering yog ib qho txheej txheem kho cua sov kawg uas ua raws li kev quenching.
Vim li cas cov hlau uas raug quenched thiaj li xav tau tempering?
Cov Qauv Me Me Tom Qab Quenching: Tom qab quenching, cov qauv me me ntawm cov hlau feem ntau muaj martensite thiab residual austenite. Ob qho tib si yog cov theem metastable thiab yuav hloov pauv nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej.
Cov Khoom ntawm Martensite: Martensite yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nyuaj siab tab sis kuj muaj kev tawg yooj yim (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov koob zoo li koob martensite), uas tsis ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau ntau daim ntawv thov.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Martensitic Transformation: Kev hloov pauv mus rau martensite tshwm sim sai heev. Tom qab quenching, qhov workpiece muaj cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas tuaj yeem ua rau deformation lossis tawg.
Xaus Lus: Cov khoom ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem siv tau ncaj qha tom qab quenching! Kev tempering yog qhov tsim nyog los txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab txhim kho qhov tawv ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev siv.
2. Qhov sib txawv ntawm Hardenability thiab Hardening Peev Xwm:
Kev Ua Kom Ruaj Khov:
Kev ua kom tawv yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov hlau kom ua tiav qee qhov tob ntawm kev ua kom tawv (qhov tob ntawm cov txheej tawv) tom qab quenching. Nws nyob ntawm cov hlau cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov qauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov khoom sib xyaw thiab hom hlau. Kev ua kom tawv yog qhov ntsuas ntawm seb cov hlau tuaj yeem ua kom tawv zoo li cas thoob plaws nws cov tuab thaum lub sijhawm quenching.
Kev Nyuaj (Peev Xwm Ua Kom Ruaj):
Qhov tawv, lossis lub peev xwm tawv, hais txog qhov tawv siab tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv cov hlau tom qab quenching. Nws feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntawm cov hlau. Cov pa roj carbon ntau dua feem ntau ua rau muaj peev xwm tawv siab dua, tab sis qhov no tuaj yeem raug txwv los ntawm cov hlau cov khoom sib xyaw thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem quenching.
3. Kev Ua Kom Hlau Ruaj Khoov
√Lub Tswv Yim ntawm Kev Nyuaj Siab
Kev ua kom tawv yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov hlau kom ua tiav qee qhov tob ntawm kev ua kom tawv tom qab quenching los ntawm qhov kub austenitizing. Hauv cov lus yooj yim dua, nws yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov hlau los tsim martensite thaum lub sijhawm quenching.
Kev Ntsuas ntawm Kev Ua Kom Ruaj Khov
Qhov loj ntawm qhov tawv yog qhia los ntawm qhov tob ntawm cov txheej tawv tau txais raws li cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb tom qab quenching.
Qhov tob ntawm txheej tawv: Qhov no yog qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm mus rau thaj chaw uas cov qauv yog ib nrab martensite.
Cov Khoom Siv Tua Hluav Taws Xob Feem Ntau:
•Dej
Cov yam ntxwv: Kev lag luam nrog lub peev xwm txias muaj zog, tab sis muaj qhov txias siab ze ntawm qhov kub npau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau txias dhau.
Daim Ntawv Thov: Feem ntau siv rau cov hlau carbon.
Dej Ntshav: Ib qho kua ntsev los yog alkali hauv dej, uas muaj peev xwm txias dua ntawm qhov kub siab piv rau dej, ua rau nws haum rau cov hlau carbon.
•Roj
Cov yam ntxwv: Muab qhov txias qeeb dua ntawm qhov kub qis (nyob ze ntawm qhov kub npau), uas ua rau txo qhov kev hloov pauv thiab tawg, tab sis muaj peev xwm txias qis dua ntawm qhov kub siab.
Daim Ntawv Thov: Haum rau cov hlau alloy.
Hom: Muaj xws li roj tua hluav taws, roj tshuab, thiab roj diesel.
Lub Sijhawm Ua Kub
Lub sijhawm ua kom sov muaj ob qho tib si qhov ceev ntawm kev ua kom sov (lub sijhawm siv los mus txog qhov kub xav tau) thiab lub sijhawm tuav (lub sijhawm khaws cia ntawm qhov kub xav tau).
Cov Ntsiab Cai rau Kev Txheeb Xyuas Lub Sijhawm Sov: Xyuas kom meej tias qhov kub sib npaug thoob plaws hauv qhov workpiece, ob qho tib si sab hauv thiab sab nraud.
Xyuas kom meej tias qhov austenitization tiav thiab tias austenite tsim yog sib xws thiab zoo.
Lub Hauv Paus Rau Kev Txheeb Xyuas Lub Sijhawm Sov: Feem ntau kwv yees siv cov qauv empirical lossis txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sim.
Cov Khoom Siv Tua Hluav Taws Xob
Ob Lub Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb:
a. Tus Nqi Txias: Tus nqi txias dua txhawb nqa kev tsim cov martensite.
b. Kev Nyuaj Siab seem: Qhov txias dua ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab seem ntxiv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv thiab tawg ntawm qhov workpiece.
Ⅶ. Ua kom zoo li qub
1. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Kev Ua Kom Zoo Li Qub
Kev ua kom zoo li qub yog ib txoj kev kho cua sov uas cov hlau raug cua sov rau qhov kub ntawm 30 ° C txog 50 ° C siab dua qhov kub Ac3, tuav ntawm qhov kub ntawd, thiab tom qab ntawd cua txias kom tau txais cov qauv me me ze rau lub xeev sib npaug. Piv rau kev ua kom sov, kev ua kom zoo li qub muaj qhov txias sai dua, ua rau cov qauv pearlite zoo dua (P) thiab muaj zog thiab tawv dua.
2. Lub Hom Phiaj ntawm Kev Ua Kom Zoo Li Qub
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua kom zoo li qub zoo ib yam li kev ua kom sov.
3. Cov Kev Siv ntawm Normalizing
• Tshem tawm cov cementite theem nrab uas sib txuas ua ke.
•Ua qhov kev kho cua sov kawg rau cov khoom uas muaj qhov yuav tsum tau qis dua.
•Ua ib qho kev kho cua sov rau cov hlau uas muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg thiab nruab nrab kom txhim kho kev siv tshuab.
4. Hom Kev Ua Kub
Hom Annealing Thawj Zaug:
Lub Hom Phiaj thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm: Lub hom phiaj tsis yog los ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv theem tab sis hloov cov hlau los ntawm lub xeev tsis sib npaug mus rau lub xeev sib npaug.
Hom:
• Kev Sib Nqus Hluav Taws Xob: Lub hom phiaj yog kom sib npaug cov khoom sib xyaw los ntawm kev tshem tawm kev sib cais.
• Recrystallization Annealing: Rov qab ua kom cov hlau khov kho dua los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov teebmeem ntawm kev ua haujlwm tawv.
• Kev Txo Kev Nyuaj Siab Annealing: Txo kev ntxhov siab sab hauv yam tsis hloov pauv qhov microstructure.
Hom Thib Ob ntawm Annealing:
Lub Hom Phiaj thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm: Lub hom phiaj yog hloov cov qauv me me thiab cov khoom, ua tiav cov qauv me me uas muaj pearlite. Hom no kuj ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev faib tawm thiab morphology ntawm pearlite, ferrite, thiab carbides ua tau raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb.
Hom:
• Kev Ua Kom Kub Tag Nrho: Ua kom cov hlau kub tshaj qhov kub Ac3 thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias nws kom tsim tau cov qauv pearlite sib xws.
• Kev Ua Kub Tsis Tiav: Ua kom cov hlau sov ntawm Ac1 thiab Ac3 kom hloov pauv ib feem ntawm cov qauv.
•Isothermal Annealing: Ua kom cov hlau kub txog Ac3, ua raws li kev txias sai mus rau qhov kub isothermal thiab tuav kom ua tiav cov qauv xav tau.
• Spheroidizing Annealing: Tsim cov qauv carbide spheroidal, txhim kho kev siv tshuab thiab kev tawv.
Ⅷ.1. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho cua sov
Kev kho cua sov yog hais txog cov txheej txheem uas hlau raug cua sov, tuav ntawm qhov kub tshwj xeeb, thiab tom qab ntawd txias thaum nyob hauv lub xeev khov kho kom hloov nws cov qauv sab hauv thiab microstructure, yog li ua tiav cov yam ntxwv xav tau.
2. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho cua sov
Kev kho cua sov tsis hloov pauv cov duab ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm; hloov chaw, nws hloov pauv cov qauv sab hauv thiab microstructure ntawm cov hlau, uas ua rau hloov pauv cov khoom ntawm cov hlau.
3. Lub Hom Phiaj ntawm Kev Kho Mob Kub
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho cua sov yog los txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab lossis cov khoom ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau (lossis cov khoom ua haujlwm), siv tag nrho lub peev xwm ntawm cov hlau, txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, thiab txuas ntxiv nws lub neej kev pabcuam.
4. Cov Lus Xaus Tseem Ceeb
Seb cov khoom siv puas tuaj yeem txhim kho tau los ntawm kev kho cua sov nyob ntawm seb puas muaj kev hloov pauv hauv nws cov qauv me me thiab cov qauv thaum lub sijhawm cua sov thiab txias.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-19-2024