Bara ea Tšepe e sa Khaotseng ea 309 / 309S / 309H
Tlhaloso e Khutšoanyane:
SakySteel e fana ka lithapo tsa tšepe e sa hloekang tsa austenitic tsa 309, 309S, le 309H tse nang le khanyetso e ntle ea oxidation, matla a mocheso o phahameng, le khanyetso ea mafome. E loketse lionto, liboiler le li-exchange tsa mocheso.
Li-bar tsa tšepe e sa hloekang ea austenitic ea 309, 309S, le 309H ke li-alloy tsa mocheso o phahameng tse etselitsoeng ho oxidation e ntle le ho hanyetsa mocheso ho fihlela ho 1100°C. Ka motsoako o leka-lekaneng oa chromium le nickel, lihlopha tsena li fana ka matla a phahameng, ho hanyetsa mafome le botsitso ba mocheso. 309S e fana ka dikahare tse tlase tsa khabone bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa hamolemo, ha 309H e na le khabone e phahameng bakeng sa matla a ntlafalitsoeng a mocheso o phahameng. E sebelisoa hangata ka liontong, liboiler, li-heat exchanger le lisebelisoa tsa ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale,SakySteele fana ka libara tsena maemong a phuthoang ka mocheso, a huloang ka serame le a bentšitsoeng, e leng se netefatsang ts'ebetso e tšepahalang maemong a feteletseng.
| Litlhaloso tsa bare e chitja ea 316/316L SS: |
| Litlhaloso | ASTM A276 |
| Sehlopha | 309 / 309S / 309H |
| Bolelele | 1000 mm – 6000 mm kapa kamoo ho kopiloeng kateng |
| Bophara ba bophara | 10 mm – 200 mm (e fumaneha ka mokhoa o ikhethileng) |
| Theknoloji | E Chesitsoeng / E Thehiloeng / E Huloa ka Batang |
| Maqhubu a leoatleQetello ea Ace | E khanyang, e ntšitsoeng, e bentšitsoeng, e retelitsoeng, e nang le asene |
| Foromo | Selikalikoe, Sekwere, Sephara, Mahlakore a tšeletseng |
| Bara ea tšepe e sa ruseng ea 309, 309S, le 309H. Mekhahlelo e lekanang: |
| Sehlopha | UNS | EN/W.Nr. | Tlhophiso ea EN | AISI/SAE | JIS ea Majapane |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 309 | S30900 | 1.4833 | X12CrNi23-13 | 309 | SUS 309 |
| 309S | S30908 | 1.4833 | X12CrNi23-13 | 309S | SUS 309S |
| 309H | S30909 | – | – | 309H | – |
| Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale SS 309 309S 309H Sekotwana se chitja: |
| Karolo | 309 (%) | 309S (%) | 309H (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Khabone (C) | 0.20 max | 0.08 e phahameng ka ho fetisisa | 0.04-0.10 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 22.0-24.0 | 22.0-24.0 | 22.0-24.0 |
| Nikele (Ni) | 12.0-15.0 | 12.0-15.0 | 12.0-15.0 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 2.0 e phahameng ka ho fetisisa | 2.0 e phahameng ka ho fetisisa | 2.0 e phahameng ka ho fetisisa |
| Silicone (Si) | 0.75 max | 0.75 max | 0.75 max |
| Fosforase (P) | 0.045 max | 0.045 max | 0.045 max |
| Sebabole (S) | 0.030 max | 0.030 max | 0.030 max |
| Naetrojene (N) | 0.11 max | 0.11 max | – |
| Tšepe (Fe) | Tekanyo | Tekanyo | Tekanyo |
| Matlotlo a 'Mele le a Mekaniki: |
| Thepa | Boleng |
|---|---|
| Botenya | 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³) |
| Sebaka sa ho Qhibiliha | 1480-1530°C (2500-2590°F) |
| Modulus ea Elasticity ho 20°C | 196 GPa (28.5 × 10⁶ psi) |
| Ho hanyetsa motlakase mochesong oa 20°C | 0.78 Ω·mm²/m (78 microhm-cm) |
| Ho tsamaisa mocheso ka mocheso ho 100°C | 15 W/m·K (9.0 BTU·hr/ft²/ft/°F) |
| Katoloso e lekanang ea mocheso (20-100°C) | Hoo e ka bang 9.7 × 10⁻⁶ /°F |
| Bokhoni bo Ikhethang ba Mocheso | 500 J/kg·K (0.12 BTU/lb·°F) |
| Thepa | Boleng bo Tloaelehileng |
|---|---|
| Matla a ho Tenyetseha (metsotso) | 515 MPa (75,000 psi) |
| Matla a Tlhahiso (0.2% Offset, min) | 205 MPa (30,000 psi) |
| Ho lelefatsa ka 50mm (metsotso) | 40% |
| Bothata (boholo) | 217 HB (95 HRB) |
| Kalafo ea Mocheso: |
Bakeng sa ts'ebetso e ntle ka ho fetisisa, litšepe tse sa ruseng tsa 309, 309S, le 309H li lokela ho latela mekhoa e latelang e khothaletsoang ea kalafo ea mocheso:
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Tharollo ea ho Hloekisa:Futhumatsa thepa ho fihlela ho 1832–2101°F (1000–1150°C), ebe o tima ka potlako ho qhala dikhabode le ho fihlella kganyetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ya ho bola.
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Tsosoloso ea Mokhahlelo oa Sigma:Tšebeletso e telele pakeng tsa 1202–1742°F (650–950°C) e ka baka ho teneha ka lebaka la ho thehoa ha karolo ea sigma. Ho etsa anneal ea tharollo ho 2012–2102°F (1100–1150°C) ho thusa ho tsosolosa ho ductility le ho tiea.
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Ho Chesa ho Theha:Bakeng sa ho sebetsa ka mocheso, futhumatsa ka ho lekana ho fihlela ho 1742–2192°F (950–1200°C). Kamora ho bopa, kalafo ea ho qetela ea ho annealing ho 1832–2101°F (1000–1150°C) e lateloang ke ho pholisa ka potlako e khothaletsoa ho boloka botsitso ba sebopeho.
Mekhahlelo ena e ke ke ea thatafatsoa ke phekolo ea mocheso. Maemo a phahameng a khabone ho 309 le 309H a eketsa matla a ho kheloha empa a ka eketsa ho pepesehela pula ea khabone nakong ea ho tjheseletsa kapa ho pepesehela mocheso o mahareng ka nako e telele. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlokang ho tjheseletsa ka bongata,309S, ka lebaka la dikahare tsa yona tse tlase tsa khabone, ke kgetho e kgethwang.
| Lintho tsa Teko tse ka Hare ho Sebaka Tse Lokelang ho Etsoa Libara: |
Ho netefatsa boleng le ts'ebetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, lihlahisoa tsohle tsa SAKY STEEL bar li ka lekoa ka mefuta e mengata ea litlhahlobo tse etsoang sebakeng seo. Liteko tsena li netefatsa sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, botšepehi ba mechini, le botsitso ba sebopeho sa microstructure ka kotloloho holim'a thepa pele e romelloa kapa kamora ho sebetsoa.
| Tjhe. | Ntho ea Teko | Tlhaloso | Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang / Mefuta e fapaneng | Hlokomela |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Teko ea ho Tiea ha Sebaka | E lekanya boima ba bokaholimo (HB/HRC/HV) ho netefatsa kalafo ea mocheso kapa boemo ba ho betla | Mefuta eohle ea libare — tšepe e sa ruseng, li-alloy tsa nickel, titanium, aluminium | Teko e tloaelehileng bakeng sa libare |
| 2 | Teko ea Metallographic ea sebakeng seo | E hlahloba sebopeho sa lijo-thollo, kabo ea khabohaedreite, le karolelano ea mekhahlelo | Tšepe e sa ruseng, motsoako oa nikeli, titanium | E lemoha ho chesa haholo kapa kalafo e sa lokelang ea mocheso |
| 3 | Teko ea Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale Sebakeng (PMI) | E netefatsa boleng ba thepa le motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale o sebelisa XRF kapa OES | Mekoallo eohle ea tšepe | E thibela ho kopana ha lintho tse bonahalang |
| 4 | Teko ea Khatello ea Kelello ea Masala | E lekola khatello ea ka hare kamora kalafo ea mocheso kapa ho sebetsa ka mochini | Tšepe, nikeli, lithapo tsa titanium | E thibela ho fetoha kapa ho petsoha |
| 5 | Teko ea Khatello ea Kelello le Khatello ea Maikutlo | E khetholla thepa ea mechini e kang matla a tlhahiso le modulus | Mekoallo e matla kapa e nang le sebopeho se phahameng | Netefatso ea mechini e sa khetheheng |
| 6 | Teko e sa senyeheng ea Palo ea Ferrite | E lekanya boleng ba FN le ho leka-lekana ha ferrite-austenite | Libara tsa tšepe e sa ruseng tsa Austenitic / Duplex | Ha e sebetse bakeng sa aluminium kapa titanium |
| 7 | Teko ea Botenya ba Liaparo | E lekanya ho koahela kapa botenya ba lera le anodized | Lithapo tse koahetsoeng, tse koahetsoeng, kapa tse nang le anodized | Bakeng sa libare tse khethehileng tse hloekisitsoeng holim'a metsi feela |
| 8 | Teko ea ho Sireletsa e Etsisitsoeng Sebakeng | E lekola ho hanyetsa ho bola ho latela NACE kapa litlhaloso tse ikhethileng | Tšepe e sa ruseng, lithapo tsa motsoako oa nickel | E sebelisoa mererong ea likepe kapa ea lik'hemik'hale |
| 9 | Ho lemoha Liphoso tsa Ultrasonic (UT) | E lemoha liphoso tsa kahare le lintho tse kenyellelitsoeng ka har'a li-bars tse tiileng | Lithapo tsohle tse tiileng tsa tšepe | E nkela teko ea botenya ba lebota sebaka (bakeng sa lipeipi feela) |
| Tlhahlobo ea Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale: |
Ho SAKY STEEL, re netefatsa hore sehlopha se seng le se seng sa thepa se fihlela maemo a machaba ka tlhahlobo e felletseng ea metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale. Laboratori ea rona e tsoetseng pele e na le lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale, ho kenyeletsoa Optical Emission Spectrometer (OES), sesebelisoa sa Positive Material Identification (PMI), Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICP), le X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyzer.
| Mokhoa (Khutsufatso) | Lebitso le Felletseng la Senyesemane / Tlhaloso | Morero o Tloaelehileng |
|---|---|---|
| OES | Tlhahlobo ea Optical Emission Spectrometric | Teko ea sebopeho sa motsoako o potlakileng |
| PMI | Tlhahlobo e Ntle ea Boitsebiso | Netefatso ea boleng ba thepa sebakeng seo |
| ICP | Spectrometric ea Plasma e Kopantsoeng ka Inductively | Tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea likarolo tsa mohlala |
| XRF | Spectrometric ea Fluorescence ea X-Radial | Tlhahlobo ea likarolo tse ngata bakeng sa lisampole tsa tšepe le motsoako |
| Tlhahlobo ea Khabone le Sebabole | Sehlahlobi sa Khabone le Sebabole | Ho fumana hore na C le S li na le bokae litšepeng |
| Tlhahlobo ea N/O/H | Mohlahlobi oa naetrojene, oksijene le haedrojene | Ho lemoha likarolo tsa khase ka har'a tšepe |
| Tekanyo ea Lik'hemik'hale | Mokhoa oa K'hemistri ea Metsi ea Khale | Netefatso e tloaelehileng ea lik'hemik'hale |
| Spectrophotometer | Tlhahlobo ea Spectrophotometric e Bonahalang ka UV | Teko ea 'mala oa likarolo tsa trace |
| FAAS | Spectroscopy ea ho Monya Atomic ea Flame | Tekanyo ea likarolo tsa bongata |
| GC | Khase ea Chromatography | Karohano le tlhahlobo ea likhase kapa metsoako e feto-fetohang |
| IC | Kromatography ea Ion | Tlhahlobo ea li-anion le li-cation litharollong |
| GD-MS | Spectrometry ea Bongata ba ho Hlahisa Khanya | Ho hlahloba botebo le tlhahlobo ea bokaholimo |
| Sehlahlobi sa TOC | Kakaretso ea Khabone ea Organic Analyzer | Teko ea lintho tse phelang |
| Spectrometer ea IR | Spectrometry ea Infrared | Sebopeho sa limolek'hule le boitsebiso ba metsoako |
| Teko ea Tshebetso ea Mekaniki: |
Ho SAKY STEEL, re etsa liteko tse felletseng tsa ts'ebetso ea mechini ho netefatsa matla, ho tiea le ho tšoarella ha sehlahisoa se seng le se seng sa tšepe e sa hloekang, tšepe ea alloy le motsoako oa nickel seo re se fanang. Re etsa liteko tse felletseng tse kang matla a ho tensile, matla a tlhahiso, ho lelefala, ho thatafala (Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers, Leeb), ho kobeha, ho tiea ha tšusumetso, mokhathala le ho tiea ha ho robeha (KIC le CTOD). Liteko tsena li lekanya ka nepo boitšoaro ba mechini ba thepa tlas'a meroalo le libaka tse fapaneng, ho netefatsa ho latela ka botlalo litekanyetso tsa ASTM, EN, GB, le ISO.
| Ntho ea Teko | Lebitso le Felletseng / Tlhaloso |
|---|---|
| Teko ea ho thatafala ha Brinell / Rockwell / Vickers | Tekanyo ea thatafalo bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea tšepe |
| Teko ea ho thatafala ha Knoop / Leeb / Webster | Teko ea ho thatafala e nkehang habobebe le e nyane |
| Teko ea ho thatafala ha lebōpo / Mohs / pentšele | Tlhahlobo ea boima ba bokaholimo |
| Teko ea ho kenella ha nano | Tlhahlobo ea thepa ea mechine ea Micro/nano |
| Teko ea ho tsikinyeha ea kamore / mocheso o phahameng | Teko ea matla a ho teneha mochesong o tloaelehileng kapa o phahameng |
| Teko ea karolelano ea elastic modulus / Poisson's | Litšobotsi tsa ho feto-fetoha ha elastic |
| Teko ea ho tiisa khatello ea tensile (n) | Boitšoaro ba ho thatafatsa khatello ea thepa |
| Teko ea karolelano ea khatello ea polasetiki (r) | Thepa ea phetoho ea polasetiki |
| Teko ea ho kobeha | Teko ea ho ba le bofokoli le ho bōpeha ha sebopeho |
| Teko ea ho kobeha ka morao | Tlhahlobo ea mokhathala le ho tenyetseha |
| Teko ea ho tjhesa/ho tjhesa/ho batalla | Tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea ho etsa tube le phaephe |
| Teko ea tšusumetso e tlase / mocheso oa kamore | Teko ea ho tiea ha tšusumetso tlas'a maemo a fapaneng |
| Tlhahlobo ea ho fokola ha bohale | Tlhahlobo ea ho teneha ha bohale |
| Teko ea ho thatafala ha ho robeha (teko ea KIC) | Khanyetso ea mapetso tlas'a khatello |
| Teko ea ho kuta | Tekanyo ea matla a ho beola |
| Teko ea mokhathala | Ho tšoarella tlas'a mojaro oa potoloho |
| Teko ea ho thekesela ha mamello | Khanyetso ea ho fetoha ha sebopeho nako e telele |
| Teko ea ho Furalla ha Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) | Tlhahlobo ea mechine ea ho robeha le ho ata ha mapetso |
| Teko ea mechini e seng ea maemo a tloaelehileng | Teko e etselitsoeng motho ka mong ho latela litlhoko tsa moreki |
| Lisebelisoa tsa 309, 309S, le 309H Round Bars: |
Li-bar tsa tšepe e sa ruseng tsa 309, 309S, le 309H li sebelisoa haholo libakeng tsa litšebeletso tse nang le mocheso o phahameng le tse senyang moo matla, khanyetso ea oxidation, le botsitso ba sebopeho li leng bohlokoa haholo. Likereiti tsena li sebetsa hantle haholo maemong a ho futhumatsa a tsoelang pele le a sa khaotseng, e leng se etsang hore li be ntle bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ts'ebetso ea mocheso le ts'ebeliso e boima ea indasteri.
Likopo tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:
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Likarolo tsa sebōpi, li-nozzle tsa ho chesa, le libaskete tsa kalafo ea mocheso
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Liphaephe tsa boiler, litšehetso tsa superheater, le likarolo tsa mocheso
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Lisebelisoa tsa ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale le tsa petrochemical
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Li-liner tsa kiln, li-retort le li-tubes tse khanyang
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Mekhoa ea ho ntša mosi le likarolo tsa khase ea flue tlhahisong ea motlakase
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Manonyeletso a katoloso, likamore tsa ho tuka, le liankora tse hanyetsang
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Mekhoa ea ho sebetsana le lijo le ho chesa ka mocheso
Ka motsoako oa tsona o motle oa matla, ho hanyetsa mafome le botsitso ba mocheso,SakySteelLithapo tsa tšepe e sa ruseng tsa 309 / 309S / 309H li netefatsa bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso le ts'ebetso e tšepahalang libakeng tse thata tsa indasteri.
| LBH |
P1: Phapang e kgolo ke efe pakeng tsa 309, 309S, le 309H?
309S e na le khabone e tlase bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa hamolemo, ha 309H e na le khabone e phahameng bakeng sa matla a ntlafetseng a mocheso o phahameng.
P2: Na mekgahlelo ena e ka thatafatswa ke kalafo ya mocheso?
Nomoro ea 309, 309S, le 309H ke litšepe tsa austenitic; li ka matlafatsoa feela ka ho sebetsa ka serame.
P3: Mocheso oa tšebeletso o fapana hakae?
Li hanela oxidation le ho hola ho fihlela hoo e ka bang1100°C (2010°F).
P4: Likopo tse tloaelehileng ke life?
Libeso, liboiler, li-heat exchanger, litsamaiso tsa mosi, le lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsana le lik'hemik'hale.
P5: Ke lipheletso life tsa bokaholimo tse fumanehang?
Lithapo tse phutholohileng ka mocheso, tse huloang ka serame, tse bentšitsoeng le tse khanyang li fanoa keSakySteel.
| Hobaneng Khetha SAKYSTEEL: |
Boleng bo Tšepahalang– Lithapo tsa rona tsa tšepe e sa ruseng, liphaephe, likhoele le li-flange li etsoa ho fihlela maemo a machaba a kang ASTM, AISI, EN, le JIS.
Tlhahlobo e Tiileng– Sehlahisoa se seng le se seng se feta litekong tsa ultrasound, tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale, le taolo ea boholo ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e phahameng le ho latelwa habonolo.
Setoko se Matla le Phano e Potlakileng– Re boloka lethathamo la lihlahisoa tsa bohlokoa khafetsa ho tšehetsa liodara tse potlakileng le thomello ea lefats'e.
Litharollo tse Ikhethileng– Ho tloha kalafong ya mocheso ho isa pheletsong ya bokaholimo, SAKYSTEEL e fana ka dikgetho tse iketseditsweng ho latela ditlhoko tsa hao tse nepahetseng.
Sehlopha sa Litsebi– Ka lilemo tsa boiphihlelo ba ho romela thepa kantle ho naha, sehlopha sa rona sa thekiso le tšehetso ea tekheniki se netefatsa puisano e boreleli, litheolelo tse potlakileng, le tšebeletso e felletseng ea litokomane.
| Netefatso ea Boleng ea SAKY STEEL (ho kenyeletsoa le e Senyang le e sa Senyeng): |
1. Teko ea Tekanyo ea Pono
2. Ho hlahloba ka mechine joalo ka ho tsitlella, ho lelefatsa le ho fokotsa sebaka.
3. Tlhahlobo ea tšusumetso
4. Tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale
5. Teko ea ho thatafala
6. Teko ea tšireletso ea ho phunya likoti
7. Teko ea ho Penetrant
8. Teko ea ho Sila ha li-granular
9. Teko ea ho se tsitse
10. Teko ea Teko ea Metalography
| Sephutheloana sa SAKY STEEL: |
1. Ho paka ho bohlokoa haholo haholo tabeng ea thomello ea machabeng moo thepa e fetang ka har'a liteishene tse fapaneng ho fihla moo e eang teng, kahoo re beha tlhokomelo e khethehileng mabapi le ho paka.
2. Saky Steel e paka thepa ea rona ka litsela tse ngata ho latela lihlahisoa. Re paka lihlahisoa tsa rona ka litsela tse ngata, tse kang,
