Ibha Yensimbi Engagqwali engu-309 / 309S / 309H
Incazelo emfushane:
I-SakySteel inikeza imigoqo yensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic engu-309, 309S, kanye ne-309H enokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala, amandla okushisa aphezulu, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Ilungele izitofu, ama-boiler, kanye nama-heat exchanger.
Amabha ensimbi engagqwali e-austenitic angu-309, 309S, kanye no-309H ayizingxube zokushisa okuphezulu ezenzelwe ukushiswa okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nokushisa okufika ku-1100°C. Ngokwakheka okulinganiselayo kwe-chromium kanye ne-nickel, lawa mabanga anikeza amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokuqina kokushisa. I-309S inikeza okuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhabhoni ukuze kube nokushintshwa okungcono, kuyilapho i-309H iqukethe ikhabhoni ephezulu ukuze kube namandla aphezulu okushisa. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezithandweni, kuma-boiler, kuma-heat exchanger, kanye nasemishinini yokucubungula amakhemikhali,I-SakySteelinikeza lawa ma-bar ezimweni ezigoqwe ngokushisa, ezidonswa kubanda, nezicwebezelisiwe, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu.
| Imininingwane yebha eyindilinga engu-316/316L SS: |
| Imininingwane | I-ASTM A276 |
| Ibanga | 309 / 309S / 309H |
| Ubude | 1000 mm – 6000 mm noma njengoba kuceliwe |
| Ububanzi Bebanga | 10 mm – 200 mm (kuyatholakala ngokwezifiso) |
| Ubuchwepheshe | Okushisayo Okugoqiwe / Okuhlanganisiwe / Okubandayo Okudwetshwe |
| Ukuntweza emanzinii-ace Finish | Kukhanya, Kuhlutshiwe, Kupholishiwe, Kuguquliwe, Kufakwe ukhilimu |
| Ifomu | Isiyingi, Isikwele, Isicaba, I-Hexagonal |
| Ibha yensimbi engagqwali engu-309, 309S, kanye ne-309H Amabanga Alinganayo: |
| Ibanga | I-UNS | I-EN/W.Nr. | Ukuqokwa kwe-EN | I-AISI/SAE | I-JIS yaseJapan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 309 | S30900 | 1.4833 | X12CrNi23-13 | 309 | I-SUS 309 |
| 309S | S30908 | 1.4833 | X12CrNi23-13 | 309S | I-SUS 309S |
| 309H | S30909 | – | – | 309H | – |
| Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali SS 309 309S 309H Ibha Eyindilinga: |
| Isici | 309 (%) | 309S (%) | 309H (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ikhabhoni (C) | Ubuningi obungu-0.20 | Umkhawulo ongu-0.08 | 0.04-0.10 |
| I-Chromium (Cr) | 22.0-24.0 | 22.0-24.0 | 22.0-24.0 |
| I-Nickel (Ni) | 12.0-15.0 | 12.0-15.0 | 12.0-15.0 |
| I-Manganese (Mn) | Ubuningi obungu-2.0 | Ubuningi obungu-2.0 | Ubuningi obungu-2.0 |
| I-Silicon (Si) | Ubuningi obungu-0.75 | Ubuningi obungu-0.75 | Ubuningi obungu-0.75 |
| I-Phosphorus (P) | Umkhawulo ongu-0.045 | Umkhawulo ongu-0.045 | Umkhawulo ongu-0.045 |
| I-Sulfur (S) | Umkhawulo ongu-0.030 | Umkhawulo ongu-0.030 | Umkhawulo ongu-0.030 |
| I-nitrogen (N) | Ubuningi obungu-0.11 | Ubuningi obungu-0.11 | – |
| Insimbi (Fe) | Ibhalansi | Ibhalansi | Ibhalansi |
| Izakhiwo Zomzimba Nezomshini: |
| Impahla | Inani |
|---|---|
| Ubuningi | 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³) |
| Uhla Lokuncibilika | 1480-1530°C (2500-2590°F) |
| I-Modulus of Elasticity ku-20°C | 196 GPa (28.5 × 10⁶ psi) |
| Ukumelana kukagesi ku-20°C | 0.78 Ω·mm²/m (78 microhm-cm) |
| Ukushisa Okuphezulu ku-100°C | 15 W/m·K (9.0 BTU·hr/ft²/ft/°F) |
| Isilinganiso Sokwanda Kokushisa (20-100°C) | Cishe 9.7 × 10⁻⁶ /°F |
| Amandla Okushisa Aqondile | 500 J/kg·K (0.12 BTU/lb·°F) |
| Impahla | Inani Elijwayelekile |
|---|---|
| Amandla Okudonsa (iminithi) | I-515 MPa (75,000 psi) |
| Amandla Okukhiqiza (i-Offset engu-0.2%, ubuncane) | 205 MPa (30,000 psi) |
| Ukwelulwa ngo-50mm (iminithi) | 40% |
| Ubulukhuni (ubuningi) | 217 HB (95 HRB) |
| Ukwelashwa Kokushisa: |
Ukuze kusebenze kahle kakhulu, izinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-309, 309S, kanye ne-309H kufanele zilandele izinqubo ezilandelayo zokwelashwa kokushisa ezinconywayo:
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Isixazululo Sokumboza:Shisa izinto ku-1832–2101°F (1000–1150°C), bese ucima ngokushesha ukuze uncibilikise ama-carbide futhi ufinyelele ukumelana okukhulu kokugqwala.
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Ukubuyiselwa Kwesigaba Se-Sigma:Isevisi ende phakathi kuka-1202–1742°F (650–950°C) ingabangela ukubhidlika ngenxa yokwakheka kwesigaba se-sigma. Ukwenza i-anneal yesisombululo ku-2012–2102°F (1100–1150°C) kusiza ukubuyisela ukuqina nokuqina.
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Ukwakha Okushisayo:Ukuze kusebenze ukushisa, fudumeza ngokulinganayo ku-1742–2192°F (950–1200°C). Ngemva kokwakheka, ukwelashwa kokugcina kokufaka umswakama ku-1832–2101°F (1000–1150°C) kulandelwe ukupholisa okusheshayo kuyanconywa ukuze kugcinwe ukuqina kwesakhiwo.
Lezi zigaba azikwazi ukuqina ngokwelashwa ngokushisa. Amazinga aphezulu ekhabhoni ku-309 kanye no-309H ejwayelekile athuthukisa amandla okuqhekeka kodwa angandisa ukuthambekela kokuna kwe-carbide ngesikhathi sokushisela noma ukuvezwa isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo. Ngezicelo ezidinga ukushisela okubanzi,309S, ngokuqukethwe kwayo okuphansi kwekhabhoni, iyindlela ekhethwayo.
| Izinto Zokuhlola Ezisetshenziswa Emabha: |
Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle, yonke imikhiqizo yebha ye-SAKY STEEL ingahlolwa ngokusebenzisa uhla olubanzi lokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ubuqotho bemishini, kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo ngqo ezintweni ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa noma ngemuva kokucutshungulwa.
| Cha. | Into Yokuhlola | Incazelo | Izinto Ezisebenzayo / Ububanzi | Inothi |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina Kwangaphakathi | Ilinganisa ubulukhuni bendawo (HB/HRC/HV) ukuqinisekisa ukwelashwa kokushisa noma isimo sokwakheka | Zonke izinhlobo zebha — insimbi engagqwali, ama-alloy e-nickel, i-titanium, i-aluminium | Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwamabha |
| 2 | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Metallographic okusendaweni | Ihlola isakhiwo sokusanhlamvu, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-carbide, kanye nesilinganiso sesigaba | Insimbi engagqwali, i-nickel alloy, i-titanium | Ithola ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukwelashwa kokushisa okungafanele |
| 3 | Ukuhlolwa Kokwakheka Kwamakhemikhali Kwangaphakathi (i-PMI) | Iqinisekisa izinga lezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kusetshenziswa i-XRF noma i-OES | Zonke izibha zensimbi | Kuvimbela ukuxubana kwezinto |
| 4 | Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka Okusele | Ihlola ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa noma komshini | Insimbi, i-nickel, imigoqo ye-titanium | Kuvimbela ukuguquguquka noma ukuqhekeka |
| 5 | Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka Nokucindezeleka | Inquma izakhiwo zemishini ezifana namandla okukhiqiza kanye ne-modulus | Imigoqo yesakhiwo noma enamandla aphezulu | Ukuqinisekiswa komshini okungakhethwa |
| 6 | Ukuhlolwa Okungonakalisi kweNombolo yeFerrite | Ilinganisa inani le-FN kanye nebhalansi ye-ferrite-austenite | Amabha ensimbi engagqwali e-Austenitic / Duplex | Akusebenzi ku-aluminium noma i-titanium |
| 7 | Ukuhlolwa Kokujiya Kwezingubo | Ilinganisa ukujiya kwesendlalelo noma ungqimba oluhlanganisiwe | Imigoqo ehlanganisiwe, embozwe, noma egcotshwe nge-anodized | Kuma-bar akhethekile aphathwe ubuso kuphela |
| 8 | Ukuhlolwa Kokugqwala Okulingisiwe Kwangaphakathi | Ihlola ukumelana nokugqwala ngokwe-NACE noma ngokwezincazelo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso | Insimbi engagqwali, imigoqo ye-nickel alloy | Kusetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi olwandle noma amakhemikhali |
| 9 | Ukutholwa Kwamaphutha E-Ultrasonic (UT) | Ithola amaphutha angaphakathi kanye nokufakwa kumabha aqinile | Zonke izigxobo eziqinile zensimbi | Ithatha indawo yokuhlolwa kobukhulu bodonga (kumapayipi kuphela) |
| Ukuhlaziywa Kokwakheka Kwamakhemikhali: |
Kwa-SAKY STEEL, siqinisekisa ukuthi yonke inqwaba yezinto ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke ngokuhlaziya okuphelele kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Ilabhorethri yethu ethuthukisiwe ifakwe izinsimbi zesimanje, okuhlanganisa i-Optical Emission Spectrometer (OES), idivayisi ye-Positive Material Identification (PMI), i-Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICP), kanye ne-X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyzer.
| Indlela (Isifinyezo) | Igama/Incazelo Egcwele YesiNgisi | Inhloso Ejwayelekile |
|---|---|---|
| Ama-OES | Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Optical Emission Spectrometric | Ukuhlolwa kokwakheka kwe-alloy okusheshayo |
| I-PMI | Ukuhlonza Izinto Ezinhle | Ukuqinisekiswa kwebanga lezinto ezibonakalayo esizeni |
| I-ICP | I-Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometric | Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zokulandelela okunembile |
| I-XRF | I-Spectrometric ye-X-Radial Fluorescence | Ukuhlaziywa kwezinto eziningi zamasampula ensimbi ne-alloy |
| Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Carbon ne-Sulfur | Isihlaziyi Sekhabhoni Nesulfure | Ukunqunywa kokuqukethwe kwe-C kanye ne-S kuzinsimbi |
| Ukuhlaziywa kwe-N/O/H | Isihlaziyi se-nitrogen, i-oxygen, kanye ne-hydrogen | Ukutholwa kwe-gas element ezinsimbini |
| Ukulinganisa Amakhemikhali | Indlela Ye-Classical Wet Chemistry | Ukuqinisekiswa kwamakhemikhali okujwayelekile |
| I-Spectrophotometer | Ukuhlaziywa kwe-UV-Visible Spectrophotometric | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Trace element colorimetric |
| I-FAAS | I-Spectroscopy Yokumunca I-Atomic Yomlilo | Ukulinganiswa kwezakhi zobuningi |
| GC | I-Gas Chromatography | Ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlaziywa kwamagesi noma ama-compounds aguquguqukayo |
| IC | I-Ion Chromatography | Ukuhlaziywa kwama-anion nama-cations ezixazululweni |
| I-GD-MS | I-Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry | Ukucacisa ukujula kanye nokuhlaziywa kobuso |
| Isihlaziyi se-TOC | Isihlaziyi Sekhabhoni Esiphelele Se-Organic | Ukuhlolwa kokuqukethwe okungokwemvelo |
| I-IR Spectrometer | I-Infrared Spectrometry | Isakhiwo sama-molecule kanye nokuhlonza okuhlanganisiwe |
| Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwemishini: |
Kwa-SAKY STEEL, senza uhla oluphelele lokuhlolwa kokusebenza komshini ukuqinisekisa amandla, ukuqina, kanye nokuqina kwayo yonke imikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali, insimbi ye-alloy, kanye ne-nickel alloy esiyilethayo. Senza ukuhlolwa okuphelele njengokuqina kokudonsa, amandla okukhiqiza, ukunwebeka, ubulukhuni (Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers, Leeb), ukugoba, ukuqina komthelela, ukukhathala, kanye nokuqina kokuqhekeka (KIC kanye ne-CTOD). Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa ngokunembile ukuziphatha komshini kwezinto ngaphansi kwemithwalo nezindawo ezahlukahlukene, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana ngokugcwele namazinga e-ASTM, EN, GB, kanye ne-ISO.
| Into Yokuhlola | Igama Eligcwele / Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni beBrinell / Rockwell / Vickers | Ukulinganiswa kobulukhuni bezinhlobo ezahlukene zensimbi |
| Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni be-Knoop / Leeb / Webster | Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni obuphathekayo nobuncane |
| Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kogu lolwandle / i-Mohs / ipensela | Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni bomphezulu |
| Ukuhlolwa kokufakwa kwe-Nano | Ukuhlaziywa kwempahla ye-Micro/nano mechanical |
| Ukuhlolwa kokucindezelwa kwegumbi/kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu | Ukuhlolwa kwamandla okuqina emazingeni okushisa aphansi noma aphezulu |
| Ukuhlolwa kwesilinganiso se-Elastic modulus / Poisson's | Izici zokuguquguquka kwe-Elastic |
| Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kokuqina kwe-Tensile strain (n) | Ukuziphatha kokuqinisa ukucindezeleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo |
| Ukuhlolwa kwesilinganiso sokucindezeleka kwepulasitiki (r) | Impahla yokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki |
| Ukuhlolwa kokugoba | Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kanye nokwakheka |
| Ukuhlolwa kokugoba okuphambene | Ukuhlolwa kokukhathala nokuguquguquka |
| Ukuhlolwa kokufutha/ukufutha/ukufutha | Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokwakhiwa kwepayipi kanye nepayipi |
| Ukuhlolwa komthelela wokushisa okuphansi / kwegumbi | Ukuhlolwa kokuqina komthelela ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene |
| Ukuhlolwa kobuthakathaka besimo somoya | Ukuhlolwa kokungazweli komoya |
| Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kokuphuka (ukuhlolwa kwe-KIC) | Ukumelana nokuqhekeka ngaphansi kokucindezeleka |
| Ukuhlolwa kokugunda | Ukulinganisa amandla okusika |
| Ukuhlolwa kokukhathala | Ukuqina ngaphansi kokulayisha okujikelezayo |
| Ukuhlolwa kokukhuthazela kokukhuphuka | Ukumelana nokuguquguquka kwesikhathi eside |
| Ukuhlolwa kwe-Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) | Ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kokuqhekeka kanye nokusabalala kwemifantu |
| Ukuhlolwa komshini okungejwayelekile | Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso okusekelwe ezidingweni zamakhasimende |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwe-309, 309S, kanye ne-309H Round Bars: |
Amabha ensimbi engagqwali angu-309, 309S, kanye no-309H asetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zesevisi ezinokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokugqwala lapho amandla, ukumelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidation, kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo kubalulekile. Lawa mabanga asebenza kahle kakhulu kokubili ezimweni zokushisa eziqhubekayo nezingenasikhawu, okwenza afaneleke kakhulu emishinini yenqubo yokushisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezimboni.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zifaka:
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Izingxenye zesithando somlilo, ama-nozzle okushisa, kanye namabhasikidi okwelapha ukushisa
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Amashubhu ebhoyila, izisekelo ze-superheater, kanye nezingxenye ze-heat exchanger
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Ukucubungula amakhemikhali kanye nemishini ye-petrochemical
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Ama-kiln liners, ama-retorts, nama-radiant tubes
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Izinhlelo zokukhipha ugesi kanye nezingxenye zegesi yoketshezi ekukhiqizeni ugesi
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Amalunga okunwebeka, amakamelo okushisa, kanye nezikhonkwane eziphikisayo
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Izinhlelo zokucubungula ukudla kanye nezinhlelo zokushiswa kokushisa
Ngenhlanganisela yazo enhle kakhulu yamandla, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokuqina kokushisa,I-SakySteelAmabha ensimbi engagqwali angu-309 / 309S / 309H aqinisekisa impilo yesevisi ende kanye nokusebenza okuthembekile ezindaweni zezimboni ezidinga kakhulu.
| Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa |
Q1: Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-309, 309S, kanye ne-309H?
I-309S inekhabhoni ephansi ukuze kube lula ukushibilika, kuyilapho i-309H inekhabhoni eningi ukuze kube namandla okushisa aphezulu athuthukisiwe.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe la mabanga angaqiniswa ngokwelashwa ngokushisa?
I-No. 309, i-309S, kanye ne-309H ziyizinsimbi ze-austenitic; zingaqiniswa kuphela ngokusebenza okubandayo.
Q3: Ububanzi bokushisa kwesevisi buyini?
Zimelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidation futhi zikhula zize zifinyelele cishe1100°C (2010°F).
Umbuzo 4: Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile?
Izithando zomlilo, ama-boiler, ama-heat exchanger, izinhlelo zokukhipha ugesi, kanye nemishini yokucubungula amakhemikhali.
Q5: Yikuphi ukuqedwa kobuso okutholakalayo?
Imigoqo egoqekile eshisayo, edonswa kubanda, epholishiwe, futhi ekhanyayo inikezwa yiI-SakySteel.
| Kungani Ukhethe i-SAKYSTEEL: |
Ikhwalithi Ethembekile– Imigoqo yethu yensimbi engagqwali, amapayipi, amakhoyili, kanye nama-flange akhiqizwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke ezifana ne-ASTM, i-AISI, i-EN, kanye ne-JIS.
Ukuhlolwa Okuqinile– Umkhiqizo ngamunye uhlolwa nge-ultrasonic, ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokulawulwa kobukhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nokulandelela.
Isitoko Esiqinile Nokulethwa Okusheshayo– Sigcina uhlu olujwayelekile lwemikhiqizo ebalulekile ukusekela ama-oda aphuthumayo kanye nokuthunyelwa komhlaba wonke.
Izixazululo Ezenziwe Ngokwezifiso– Kusukela ekushiseni kuya ekuqedeni kobuso, i-SAKYSTEEL inikeza izinketho ezenzelwe wena ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zakho eziqondile.
Ithimba Lochwepheshe– Njengoba sineminyaka eminingi yesipiliyoni sokuthumela ngaphandle, ithimba lethu lokuthengisa kanye nokusekela ubuchwepheshe liqinisekisa ukuxhumana okubushelelezi, izingcaphuno ezisheshayo, kanye nensizakalo ephelele yamadokhumenti.
| Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi kwe-SAKY STEEL (kufaka phakathi kokubili Okubhubhisayo Nokungabhubhisi): |
1. Ukuhlolwa Kobukhulu Bokubonakalayo
2. Ukuhlola ngomshini njengokuthambekela, Ukwelula kanye nokunciphisa indawo.
3. Ukuhlaziywa komthelela
4. Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali
5. Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni
6. Ukuhlolwa kokuvikela ukugoba
7. Ukuhlolwa Kokungena
8. Ukuhlolwa Kokugqwala Okuphakathi Kwezinhlayiya
9. Ukuhlolwa Kokuhluzeka
10. Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlola Kwe-Metallography
| Ukupakisha kwe-SAKY STEEL'S: |
1. Ukupakisha kubaluleke kakhulu ikakhulukazi uma kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lapho imithwalo idlula khona ngemigudu eyahlukene ukuze ifike endaweni yokugcina, ngakho-ke sikhathalela kakhulu ukupakisha.
2. I-Saky Steel ipakisha izimpahla zethu ngezindlela eziningi ngokusekelwe emikhiqizweni. Sipakisha imikhiqizo yethu ngezindlela eziningi, njengokuthi,
