309 / 309S / 309H Pā kila kila
Wehewehe Pōkole:
Hāʻawi ʻo SakySteel i nā pā kila kila austenitic 309, 309S, a me 309H me ke kūpaʻa oxidation maikaʻi loa, ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala. Kūpono no nā umu, nā paila, a me nā mea hoʻololi wela.
ʻO nā pā kila kila austenitic 309, 309S, a me 309H he mau mea hoʻohuihui wela kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka oxidation maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa wela a hiki i 1100°C. Me kahi hui kaulike o ka chromium a me ka nickel, hāʻawi kēia mau papa i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, a me ke kūpaʻa wela. Hāʻawi ʻo 309S i ka ʻike kalapona haʻahaʻa no ka hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo 309H loaʻa ke kalapona kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i loko o nā umu, nā paila, nā mea hoʻololi wela, a me nā lako hana kemika,SakySteelhoʻolako i kēia mau kaola i nā kūlana wela, huki anu, a me nā kūlana poli ʻia, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hana hilinaʻi ma lalo o nā ʻano koʻikoʻi.
| Nā kikoʻī o ka pā poepoe 316/316L SS: |
| Nā kikoʻī | ASTM A276 |
| Papa | 309 / 309S / 309H |
| Ka lōʻihi | 1000 mm – 6000 mm a i ʻole e like me ke noi |
| Pae Anawaena | 10 mm - 200 mm (loaʻa ke ʻano maʻamau) |
| ʻenehana | ʻŌwili Wela / Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia / Anuanu i huki ʻia |
| Heʻe naluHoʻopau ʻo Ace | ʻĀlohilohi, ʻili ʻia, ʻālohilohi ʻia, huli ʻia, paʻakai ʻia |
| Palapala | Poepoe, Huinahā, Pālahalaha, Hexagonal |
| Nā Papa Hana like o ka pā kila kila 309, 309S, a me 309H: |
| Papa | UNS | EN/W.Helu | Hoʻonohonoho EN | AISI/SAE | JIS Kepanī |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 309 | S30900 | 1.4833 | X12CrNi23-13 | 309 | SUS 309 |
| 309S | S30908 | 1.4833 | X12CrNi23-13 | 309S | SUS 309S |
| 309H | S30909 | – | – | 309H | – |
| ʻAno Kemika SS 309 309S 309H Pā poepoe: |
| ʻElemene | 309 (%) | 309S (%) | 309H (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kalapona (C) | 0.20 ka palena kiʻekiʻe | 0.08 kiʻekiʻe | 0.04-0.10 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 22.0-24.0 | 22.0-24.0 | 22.0-24.0 |
| Nikala (Ni) | 12.0-15.0 | 12.0-15.0 | 12.0-15.0 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 2.0 kiʻekiʻe loa | 2.0 kiʻekiʻe loa | 2.0 kiʻekiʻe loa |
| Silika (Si) | 0.75 ka palena kiʻekiʻe | 0.75 ka palena kiʻekiʻe | 0.75 ka palena kiʻekiʻe |
| ʻO ka phosphorus (P) | 0.045 ka palena kiʻekiʻe | 0.045 ka palena kiʻekiʻe | 0.045 ka palena kiʻekiʻe |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.030 kiʻekiʻe | 0.030 kiʻekiʻe | 0.030 kiʻekiʻe |
| Naikokene (N) | 0.11 ka nui loa | 0.11 ka nui loa | – |
| Hao (Fe) | Kaulike | Kaulike | Kaulike |
| Nā Waiwai Kino a me nā Waiwai Mekanika: |
| Waiwai | Waiwai |
|---|---|
| Ka nui o ka paʻa | 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³) |
| Pae Hoʻoheheʻe | 1480-1530°C (2500-2590°F) |
| Modulus o ka Elasticity ma 20°C | 196 GPa (28.5 × 10⁶ psi) |
| Ke kū'ē uila ma 20°C | 0.78 Ω·mm²/m (78 microhm-cm) |
| Ka hoʻokele wela ma 100°C | 15 W/m·K (9.0 BTU·hr/ft²/ft/°F) |
| Ka helu o ka hoʻonui wela (20-100°C) | Ma kahi o 9.7 × 10⁻⁶ /°F |
| Ka Mana Wela Kūikawā | 500 J/kg·K (0.12 BTU/lb·°F) |
| Waiwai | Waiwai Maʻamau |
|---|---|
| Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa (min) | 515 MPa (75,000 psi) |
| Ikaika Hua (0.2% Offset, min) | 205 MPa (30,000 psi) |
| Elongation ma 50mm (min) | 40% |
| Paʻakikī (max) | 217 HB (95 HRB) |
| Ka Lapaʻau Wela: |
No ka hana maikaʻi loa, pono e hana ʻia nā kila kila kila 309, 309S, a me 309H i nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau wela i ʻōlelo ʻia ma lalo nei:
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Hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hopena:E hoʻomehana i ka mea i 1832–2101°F (1000–1150°C), a laila e kinai koke e hoʻoheheʻe i nā carbides a hoʻokō i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa i ka pala.
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Hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka pae Sigma:ʻO ka lawelawe lōʻihi ma waena o 1202–1742°F (650–950°C) hiki ke kumu i ka embrittlement ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka sigma phase. ʻO ka hana ʻana i kahi solution anneal ma 2012–2102°F (1100–1150°C) e kōkua i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ductility a me ka toughness.
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Hoʻokumu Wela:No ka hana wela, e hoʻomehana like i 1742–2192°F (950–1200°C). Ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻia kahi hana hoʻoheheʻe hope loa ma 1832–2101°F (1000–1150°C) a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻomaʻalili wikiwiki e mālama i ke kūpaʻa o ka hale.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻakikī ʻia kēia mau papa e ka mālama wela. ʻO nā pae kalapona kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano maʻamau 309 a me 309H e hoʻonui i ka ikaika kolo akā hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia i ka carbide precipitation i ka wā o ka welding a i ʻole ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ka mahana waena. No nā noi e koi ana i ka welding nui,309S, me kona haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ke kalapona, ʻo ia ke koho makemake nui ʻia.
| Nā Mea Hoʻāʻo ma ka Pūnaewele e Pili ana no nā Pā: |
I mea e hōʻoia ai i ka maikaʻi a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe loa, hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nā huahana pā SAKY STEEL āpau ma o kahi ākea o nā nānā ʻana ma kahi. Hōʻoia kēia mau hoʻāʻo i ka haku mele kemika, ka pono mechanical, a me ke kūpaʻa microstructural ma nā mea ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana a ma hope paha o ka hana ʻana.
| ʻAʻole. | Mea Hoʻāʻo | Wehewehena | Nā Mea Hana / Paepae Pili | Hoʻomaopopo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hoʻāʻo Paʻakikī ma kahi | Ana i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili (HB/HRC/HV) e hōʻoia i ke kūlana o ka mālama wela a i ʻole ka forging | ʻO nā ʻano pā āpau - kila kila, nā mea hui nickel, titanium, alumini | Hoʻāʻo maʻamau no nā kaola |
| 2 | Hoʻāʻo Metallographic In-situ | Nānā i ke ʻano o ka palaoa, ka hoʻolaha carbide, a me ka lakio pae | Ke kila kila, hui nikala, titanium | ʻIke i ka wela nui a i ʻole ka mālama wela kūpono ʻole |
| 3 | Hoʻāʻo Hoʻohui Kemika In-situ (PMI) | Hōʻoia i ka papa mea a me ka haku mele kemika me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā XRF a i ʻole OES | Nā kaola hao a pau | Pale i ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea |
| 4 | Hoʻāʻo Koena Koena | Loiloi i ke kaumaha kūloko ma hope o ka mālama wela a i ʻole ka mīkini ʻana | Ke kila, nikala, nā kaola titanium | Kāohi i ka deformation a i ʻole ka haki ʻana |
| 5 | Hoʻāʻo Koʻikoʻi a me ke Kaumaha | Hoʻoholo i nā waiwai mechanical e like me ka ikaika yield a me ka modulus | Nā kaola kūkulu a ikaika paha | Hōʻoia mīkini koho |
| 6 | Hoʻāʻo luku ʻole o ka helu Ferrite | Ana i ka waiwai FN a me ke kaulike ferrite-austenite | Nā kaola kila kila Austenitic / Duplex | ʻAʻole pili no ka alumini a i ʻole ka titanium |
| 7 | Hoʻāʻo Mānoanoa o nā Uhi | Ana i ka mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻana a i ʻole ka papa anodized | Nā kaola i uhi ʻia, i uhi ʻia, a i ʻole anodized | No nā kaola i mālama ʻia i ka ʻili kūikawā wale nō |
| 8 | Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka palaho i hoʻohālike ʻia ma kahi | Loiloi i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala e like me NACE a i ʻole nā kikoʻī maʻamau | Kila kila, nā kaola nikala | Hoʻohana ʻia i nā papahana moana a i ʻole nā kemika |
| 9 | Ka ʻIke ʻana i nā Kikoʻī Ultrasonic (UT) | ʻIke i nā hemahema kūloko a me nā hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o nā kaola paʻa | Nā kaola paʻa metala a pau | Hoʻololi i ka hoʻāʻo mānoanoa o ka paia (no nā paipu wale nō) |
| Ka Nānā ʻana i ka Hoʻohui Kemika: |
Ma SAKY STEEL, hōʻoia mākou e hoʻokō kēlā me kēia pūʻulu o nā mea i nā kūlana honua ma o ka loiloi hoʻohuihui kemika piha. Ua lako kā mākou keʻena hoʻokolohua holomua me nā mea hana hou loa, me ka Optical Emission Spectrometer (OES), ka mea hana Positive Material Identification (PMI), Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICP), a me ka mea kālailai X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF).
| ʻAno Hana (Pōkole) | Inoa piha / Wehewehe ʻana ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania | Pahuhopu Maʻamau |
|---|---|---|
| OES | Ka Nānā ʻana i ka Spectrometric Hoʻokuʻu Optical | Hoʻāʻo wikiwiki ʻana i ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o ka alloy |
| PMI | Ka ʻIke Mea Maikaʻi | Ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka pae mea ma kahi |
| ICP | ʻO ka Spectrometric Plasma i hoʻopili ʻia me ka Inductive | Ka nānā pono ʻana i nā mea trace |
| XRF | ʻO ka X-Radial Fluorescence Spectrometric | Ka loiloi multi-element no nā laʻana metala a me nā alloy |
| Kālailai Kalapona a me Sulfur | Mea kālailai kalapona a me ka sulfur | Ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka nui o C a me S i loko o nā kila |
| Ka Nānā ʻana o N/O/H | Mea kālailai naikokene, ʻokikene, a me ka hydrogen | Ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea kinoea i loko o nā metala |
| Titration Kemika | Ke ʻAno Kemika Pulu Kuʻuna | Hōʻoia kemika maʻamau |
| Ka mīkini hoʻohālikelike | Ka Nānā ʻIke UV-ʻIke ʻia | Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke kala o nā mea trace |
| FAAS | ʻO ka Spectroscopy Absorption Atomika lapalapa | Ana ʻana o nā mea helu |
| GC | Chromatography Kinoea | Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā kinoea a i ʻole nā pūhui volatile |
| IC | ʻO ke Chromatography Ion | Ka nānā ʻana o nā anions a me nā cations i loko o nā hopena |
| GD-MS | ʻO ka Spectrometry Mass Discharge Glow | Ka hoʻopili hohonu a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻili |
| Mea kālailai TOC | Mea kālailai kalapona organik holoʻokoʻa | Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻike organik |
| Ka mīkini ʻike IR | ʻIkepili infrared | ʻO ke ʻano molekala a me ka ʻike hui |
| Hoʻāʻo Hana Mīkini: |
Ma SAKY STEEL, hana mākou i nā ʻano hoʻokolohua hana mechanical piha e hōʻoia i ka ikaika, ka paʻakikī, a me ke kūpaʻa o kēlā me kēia huahana kila kila, kila alloy, a me ka nickel alloy a mākou e hāʻawi aku ai. Hana mākou i nā hoʻokolohua piha e like me ka ikaika tensile, ka ikaika yield, elongation, hardness (Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers, Leeb), bending, impact toughness, luhi, a me ka fracture toughness (KIC a me CTOD). Ana pololei kēia mau hoʻokolohua i ke ʻano mechanical o nā mea ma lalo o nā ukana a me nā wahi like ʻole, e hōʻoia ana i ka hoʻokō piha ʻana me nā kūlana ASTM, EN, GB, a me ISO.
| Mea Hoʻāʻo | Inoa Piha / Wehewehena |
|---|---|
| Hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ʻo Brinell / Rockwell / Vickers | Ana paʻakikī no nā ʻano metala like ʻole |
| Hoʻāʻo paʻakikī Knoop / Leeb / Webster | Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka paʻakikī lawe lima a me ka paʻakikī micro |
| Hoʻāʻo paʻakikī kahakai / Mohs / penikala | Ka loiloi paʻakikī o ka ʻili |
| Hoʻāʻo indentation nano | Ka loiloi waiwai mīkini micro/nano |
| Hoʻāʻo tensile lumi / kiʻekiʻe wela | Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ikaika tensile ma nā mahana ambient a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe |
| Hoʻāʻo modulus elastic / ka lakio Poisson | Nā ʻano hoʻololi elastic |
| Hoʻāʻo exponent paʻakikī tensile (n) | Ke ʻano paʻakikī o ka mea |
| Hoʻāʻo lakio kaumaha palakiko (r) | ʻO ka waiwai hoʻololi plastik |
| Hoʻāʻo kūlou | Hoʻāʻo Ductility a me ke ʻano hana |
| Hoʻāʻo kūlou hoʻohuli | Ka loiloi luhi a me ka maʻalahi |
| Hoʻāʻo flaring / flanging / flattening | Loiloi hana hana paipu a me ka paipu |
| Hoʻāʻo hopena haʻahaʻa / mahana lumi | Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka hopena ma lalo o nā kūlana like ʻole |
| Ka loiloi ʻana o ka brittleness | Ka loiloi ʻana o ka embrittlement o ke ʻano |
| Hoʻāʻo paʻakikī haki (hoʻāʻo KIC) | Ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka māwae ma lalo o ke kaumaha |
| Hoʻāʻo ʻokiʻoki | Ana ʻana o ka ikaika shear |
| Hoʻāʻo luhi | Ka paʻa ma lalo o ka hoʻouka cyclic |
| Hoʻāʻo kolo hoʻomanawanui | Ke kūpaʻa deformation lōʻihi |
| Hoʻāʻo Hoʻoneʻe Wehe ʻana o ka Tip Crack (CTOD) | ʻO ka mīkini haki a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka haki |
| Hoʻāʻo mīkini maʻamau ʻole | Hoʻāʻo pilikino e pili ana i nā koi o ka mea kūʻai aku |
| Nā noi o 309, 309S, a me 309H Poepoe Bars: |
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kaola kila kila 309, 309S, a me 309H i nā wahi lawelawe wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka corrosive kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka ikaika, ke kūpaʻa oxidation, a me ke kūpaʻa o ke kūkulu ʻana. Hana maikaʻi loa kēia mau papa i nā kūlana hoʻomehana mau a me nā kūlana hoʻomehana intermittent, e kūpono ai lākou no nā lako hana thermal a me ka hoʻohana ʻoihana kaumaha.
ʻO nā noi maʻamau e komo pū me:
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Nā ʻāpana umu ahi, nā nozzles puhi ahi, a me nā hīnaʻi lapaʻau wela
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Nā paipu paila, nā kākoʻo superheater, a me nā ʻāpana hoʻololi wela
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Nā lako hana kemika a me nā lako petrochemical
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Nā liners umu, nā retorts, a me nā paipu radiant
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Nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopau a me nā ʻāpana kinoea flue i ka hana mana
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Nā hui hoʻonui, nā keʻena kuni, a me nā heleuma paʻa
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ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomake wela
Me ko lākou hui maikaʻi loa o ka ikaika, ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, a me ke kūpaʻa wela,SakySteelHoʻopaʻa nā kaola kila kila 309 / 309S / 309H i ke ola lawelawe lōʻihi a me ka hana hilinaʻi i nā ʻano ʻoihana koi.
| Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia |
Q1: He aha ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o 309, 309S, a me 309H?
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kalapona o 309S no ka hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kalapona o 309H no ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia.
Q2: Hiki ke hoʻopaʻakikī ʻia kēia mau māka ma o ka mālama wela?
He mau kila austenitic ʻo No. 309, 309S, a me 309H; hiki ke hoʻoikaika ʻia lākou ma ka hana anu wale nō.
Q3: He aha ka pae mahana o ka lawelawe?
Kūʻē lākou i ka oxidation a me ka piʻi ʻana a hiki i kahi1100°C (2010°F).
Q4: He aha nā noi maʻamau?
Nā umu ahi, nā paila, nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopau, a me nā lako hana kemika.
Q5: He aha nā ʻano hoʻopau ʻili i loaʻa?
Nā kaola i ʻōwili wela ʻia, huki anu ʻia, hoʻopili ʻia, a me nā ʻōlinolino i hāʻawi ʻia eSakySteel.
| No ke aha e koho ai iā SAKYSTEEL: |
Kūlana Hilinaʻi– Hana ʻia kā mākou mau kaola kila kila, nā paipu, nā ʻōwili, a me nā flanges e hoʻokō i nā kūlana honua e like me ASTM, AISI, EN, a me JIS.
Nānā Paʻa– Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia huahana i ka hoʻāʻo ultrasonic, ka nānā kemika, a me ka kaohi dimensional e hōʻoia i ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka traceability.
Waiwai ikaika a me ka hoʻouna wikiwiki– Mālama mākou i ka waihona mau o nā huahana koʻikoʻi e kākoʻo i nā kauoha wikiwiki a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Nā Hoʻonā i Hoʻopilikino ʻia– Mai ka mālama wela a hiki i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻili, hāʻawi ʻo SAKYSTEEL i nā koho i hana kūikawā ʻia e hoʻokō i kāu mau koi kikoʻī.
Hui ʻOihana- Me nā makahiki o ka ʻike hoʻokuʻu aku, hōʻoia kā mākou hui kūʻai aku a me ke kākoʻo loea i ka kamaʻilio maʻalahi, nā ʻōlelo wikiwiki, a me ka lawelawe palapala piha.
| ʻO ka hōʻoia maikaʻi o SAKY STEEL (me nā mea luku a me nā mea luku ʻole): |
1. Hoʻāʻo Ana ʻIke
2. Ka nānā ʻana i ka mīkini e like me ka tensile, Elongation a me ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka wahi.
3. Ka loiloi hopena
4. Ka loiloi hoʻokolokolo kemika
5. Hoʻāʻo paʻakikī
6. Hoʻāʻo pale lua
7. Hoʻāʻo komo
8. Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka palaho Intergranular
9. Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻōʻino
10. Hoʻāʻo Hoʻokolohua Metallography
| ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana o SAKY STEEL: |
1. He mea nui loa ka hoʻopili ʻana, ʻoiai hoʻi i nā ukana o ka honua kahi e hele ai nā ukana ma nā ʻano like ʻole e hiki ai i kahi i manaʻo nui ʻia, no laila ke kau nei mākou i ka manaʻo nui e pili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana.
2. Hoʻopili ʻo Saky Steel i kā mākou waiwai ma nā ʻano he nui e pili ana i nā huahana. Hoʻopili mākou i kā mākou huahana ma nā ʻano he nui, e like me,











