Chitsulo cha zidaimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zodulira, ma gauge, ma mold ndi zida zosatha. Chitsulo cha zida zonse chimakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu ndipo chimatha kusunga kuuma kwakukulu, kuuma kofiira, kukana kutha kwatha komanso kulimba koyenera kutentha kwambiri. Zofunikira zapadera zimaphatikizaponso kusintha pang'ono kwa kutentha, kukana dzimbiri komanso makina abwino. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala osiyanasiyana, chitsulo cha zida chimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: chitsulo cha zida za kaboni, chitsulo cha zida za alloy, ndi chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri (makamaka chitsulo cha zida za alloy zambiri); malinga ndi cholinga chake, chingagawidwe m'magulu atatu: kudulachida chachitsulo, chitsulo cha nkhungu, ndi chitsulo choyezera.
Chitsulo cha kaboni:
Kuchuluka kwa kaboni m'chitsulo cha zida za kaboni kuli kokwera, pakati pa 0.65-1.35%. Pambuyo potenthetsera, pamwamba pa chitsulo cha zida za kaboni kumakhala kolimba kwambiri, ndipo pakati pake pamakhala kusinthasintha bwino; kuuma kwa annealing kumakhala kotsika (osapitirira HB207), magwiridwe antchito ake ndi abwino, koma kuuma kofiira kumakhala kofooka. Kutentha kogwira ntchito kukafika pa 250℃, kuuma ndi kukana kukalamba kwa chitsulo kumatsika kwambiri, ndipo kuuma kumatsika pansi pa HRC60. Chitsulo cha zida za kaboni chimakhala cholimba pang'ono, ndipo zida zazikulu sizingaumitsidwe (m'mimba mwake mwa kuuma m'madzi ndi 15mm). Kuuma kwa pamwamba ndi gawo lapakati kumakhala kosiyana kwambiri panthawi yozimitsa madzi, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kusokoneza kapena kupanga ming'alu panthawi yozimitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kwake kozimitsa ndi kochepa, ndipo kutentha kuyenera kulamulidwa mosamala panthawi yozimitsa. Pewani kutenthedwa kwambiri, kuchotsedwa kwa carburization ndi kusintha. Chitsulo cha zida za kaboni chimayikidwa patsogolo ndi "T" kuti tipewe kusokonezeka ndi zitsulo zina: nambala yomwe ili mu nambala yachitsulo imasonyeza kuchuluka kwa kaboni, komwe kumawonetsedwa m'magawo chikwi cha kuchuluka kwa kaboni. Mwachitsanzo, T8 imasonyeza kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa carbon wa 0.8%; kwa iwo omwe ali ndi manganese ambiri, "Mn'" imalembedwa kumapeto kwa nambala yachitsulo, mwachitsanzo, "T8Mn'"; kuchuluka kwa phosphorous ndi sulfure mu chitsulo cha carbon tool steel chapamwamba kwambiri ndi kochepa kuposa kwa chitsulo cha carbon tool steel chapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo chilembo A chimawonjezedwa pambuyo pa nambala yachitsulo kuti chisiyanitse.
Chitsulo cha zida za aloyi
Amatanthauza chitsulo chomwe chili ndi zinthu zina zophatikizira zomwe zimawonjezeredwa kuti ziwongolere magwiridwe antchito a chitsulo cha zida. Zinthu zophatikiza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi monga tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), titaniyamu (Ti), ndi zina zotero. Zinthu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zophatikiza nthawi zambiri sizipitirira 5%. Chitsulo cha zida zophatikiza chimakhala cholimba kwambiri, cholimba, chokana kuwonongeka komanso cholimba kuposa chitsulo cha zida za kaboni. Malinga ndi cholinga chake, chingagawidwe m'magulu atatu: zida zodulira, nkhungu ndi zida zoyezera. Kutulutsa kwa chitsulo cha nkhungu kumaphatikizapo pafupifupi 80% ya chitsulo cha zida zophatikiza. Pakati pawo, chitsulo chokhala ndi kaboni wambiri (wC woposa 0.80%) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zodulira, zida zoyezera ndi nkhungu zozizira. Kuuma kwa chitsulo chamtunduwu pambuyo pozimitsa kuli pamwamba pa HRC60 ndipo kumakhala ndi kukana kokwanira kuwonongeka; chitsulo chokhala ndi kaboni wapakati (wt0.35% ~ 0.70%) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga nkhungu zotentha zogwirira ntchito. Kulimba kwa chitsulo chamtunduwu pambuyo pozimitsa kumakhala kotsika pang'ono, pa HRC50~55, koma ndi kulimba bwino.
Chitsulo chazida chothamanga kwambiri
Ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi zida zoyezera kwambiri, nthawi zambiri chimatanthauza chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri. Kaboni nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 0.70 ndi 1.65%, ndipo zinthu zoyezera zimakhala zambiri, ndi kuchuluka konse mpaka 10-25%, kuphatikiza C, Mn, Si, Cr, V, W, Mo, ndi Co. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zida zodulira zozungulira mwachangu kwambiri, zokhala ndi kuuma kofiira kwambiri, kukana kuvala bwino, komanso mphamvu zambiri, ndipo gawo la Cr, V, W, ndi Mo ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Kutentha kodulirako kukafika pa 600°C, kuuma sikutsika kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri kumapangidwa mu uvuni wamagetsi ndipo njira ya ufa imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri, kotero kuti ma carbide amagawidwa mofanana pa matrix mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri, zomwe zitha kuwonjezera moyo wa ntchito. Zida zachitsulo zothamanga kwambiri zimakhala pafupifupi 75% ya zida zonse zapakhomo zomwe zimapangidwa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-16-2025