Chida chitsuloamagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zodulira, ma geji, nkhungu ndi zida zosavala. Chitsulo chazonse chimakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu ndipo chimatha kukhalabe olimba kwambiri, kuuma kofiira, kukana kuvala kwambiri komanso kulimba koyenera kutentha kwambiri. Zofunikira zapadera zimaphatikizanso kusinthika kwakung'ono kwa chithandizo cha kutentha, kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso makina abwino. Malinga ndi nyimbo zosiyanasiyana za mankhwala, chitsulo chachitsulo chimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: zitsulo za carbon, alloy tool, ndi zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri (makamaka zitsulo zazitsulo zapamwamba); malinga ndi cholinga, akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: kudulachida chitsulo, nkhungu zitsulo, ndi gauge chitsulo.
Chitsulo cha carbon:
Mpweya wa carbon tool steel ndi wokwera kwambiri, pakati pa 0.65-1.35%. Pambuyo mankhwala kutentha, pamwamba mpweya chida zitsulo angapeze apamwamba kuuma ndi kulimba, ndipo pachimake ali processability bwino; kuuma kwa annealing ndi otsika (osati kuposa HB207), ntchito yokonza ndi yabwino, koma kuuma kofiira ndikosavuta. Pamene kutentha ntchito kufika 250 ℃, kuuma ndi kuvala kukana kwa chitsulo kutsika kwambiri, ndi kuuma akutsikira pansi HRC60. Chitsulo cha chida cha kaboni chimakhala cholimba chochepa, ndipo zida zazikulu sizingaumitsidwe (m'mimba mwake mwa kuumitsa m'madzi ndi 15mm). Kuuma kwa pamwamba kuuma wosanjikiza ndi gawo lapakati ndi losiyana kwambiri panthawi ya kuzimitsa madzi, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kusokoneza kapena kupanga ming'alu panthawi yozimitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kwake kozimitsa ndikocheperako, ndipo kutentha kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa pakuzimitsa. Pewani kutenthedwa, decarburization ndi mapindikidwe. Chitsulo cha zida za kaboni chimayikidwa ndi "T" kuti asasokonezeke ndi zitsulo zina: nambala yomwe ili mu nambala yachitsulo ikuwonetsa zomwe zili mu kaboni, zomwe zimawonetsedwa mu masauzande ambiri a carbon. Mwachitsanzo, T8 ikuwonetsa pafupifupi mpweya wa 0.8%; kwa omwe ali ndi manganese apamwamba, "Mn'" amalembedwa kumapeto kwa nambala yachitsulo, mwachitsanzo, "T8Mn'"; phosphorous ndi sulfure zomwe zili muzitsulo zamtengo wapatali za carbon ndizochepa kusiyana ndi zitsulo zamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri za carbon, ndipo chilembo A chimawonjezeredwa pambuyo pa nambala yachitsulo kuti isiyanitse.
Aloyi chida chitsulo
Zimatanthawuza zitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zina zowonjezeredwa kuti ziwonjezeke bwino ntchito yachitsulo. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), titaniyamu (Ti), ndi zina zotero. Zomwe zili mu alloying sizidutsa 5%. Chitsulo cha aloyi chimakhala ndi kuuma kwambiri, kuuma, kukana kuvala komanso kulimba kuposa chitsulo cha carbon. Malinga ndi cholinga chake, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: zida zodulira, nkhungu ndi zida zoyezera. Kutulutsa kwachitsulo cha nkhungu kumakhala pafupifupi 80% ya chitsulo cha aloyi. Pakati pawo, chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri (wC wamkulu kuposa 0,80%) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zodulira, zida zoyezera ndi nkhungu zozizira. Kuuma kwa chitsulo chamtunduwu pambuyo pozimitsa kumakhala pamwamba pa HRC60 ndipo kumakhala kokwanira kuvala kukana; chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wapakatikati (wt0.35% ~ 0,70%) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga nkhungu zotentha zogwira ntchito. Kuuma kwa chitsulo chamtunduwu pambuyo pozimitsa kumakhala kotsika pang'ono, pa HRC50 ~ 55, koma ndi kulimba kwabwino.
Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri
Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi aloyi wapamwamba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri chimatanthawuza chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri. Mpweya wa kaboni nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa 0.70 ndi 1.65%, ndipo zinthu zopangira ma alloyine ndizokwera kwambiri, zokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 10-25%, kuphatikiza C, Mn, Si, Cr, V, W, Mo, ndi Co. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zodulira zothamanga kwambiri, zokhala ndi kuuma kofiira kwambiri, kulimba kwabwino, kuvala bwino ndi Mor, kukana kwamphamvu, kulimba, kulimba, kulimba, ndi W. chachikulu. Kutentha kodula kukafika pa 600 ° C, kulimba sikutsikabe kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa mu ng'anjo yamagetsi ndipo njira yazitsulo ya ufa imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri, kotero kuti ma carbides amagawidwa mofanana pa masanjidwewo mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe titha kuwonjezera moyo wautumiki. Zida zachitsulo zothamanga kwambiri zimakhala pafupifupi 75% ya zida zonse zapakhomo.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-16-2025