Simbi yemidziyoinoshandiswa kugadzira maturusi ekucheka, mageji, maforoma uye maturusi asingaparare. Simbi yemidziyo yakajairika ine kuomarara kwakanyanya uye inogona kuchengetedza kuomarara kwakanyanya, kuomarara kutsvuku, kuramba kupfeka kwakanyanya uye kusimba kwakakodzera pakupisa kwakanyanya. Zvinodiwa zvakakosha zvinosanganisirawo kushanduka kudiki kwekupisa, kuramba ngura uye kugona kushanda zvakanaka. Zvichienderana nemakemikari akasiyana, simbi yemidziyo yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: simbi yemidziyo yekabhoni, simbi yemidziyo yealloy, uye simbi inomhanya zvakanyanya (simbi yemidziyo yealloy yakawanda); zvichienderana nechinangwa, inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: kuchekasimbi yekushandisa, simbi yeforoma, uye simbi yegeji.
Simbi yesimbi yekabhoni:
Kabhoni iri musimbi yekabhoni ine maturusi akawanda, pakati pe0.65-1.35%. Mushure mekupisa, pamusoro pesimbi yekabhoni ine maturusi anogona kuwedzera kuomarara uye kusimba, uye mukati mayo munogona kugadziriswa zviri nani; kuomarara kwe annealing kwakaderera (kwete kupfuura HB207), mashandiro ekugadzirisa akanaka, asi kuomarara kutsvuku kwakaderera. Kana tembiricha yekushanda yasvika 250℃, kuomarara uye kuramba kupfeka kwesimbi kunodzikira zvakanyanya, uye kuomarara kunodzikira pasi peHRC60. Simbi yekabhoni ine kuomarara kwakaderera, uye maturusi makuru haagone kuomeswa (dhayamita yekuomarara mumvura i15mm). Kuomarara kwechikamu chakasimba chepamusoro nechikamu chepakati zvakasiyana zvikuru panguva yekudzima mvura, izvo zviri nyore kuchinjika kana kugadzira mitswe panguva yekudzima. Pamusoro pezvo, tembiricha yayo yekudzima yakamanikana, uye tembiricha inofanira kudzorwa zvakasimba panguva yekudzima. Dzivisa kupisa, kubvisa kabhoni uye kuchinja. Simbi yekabhoni ine "T" yekutanga kudzivirira kuvhiringidzika nedzimwe simbi: nhamba iri munhamba yesimbi inoratidza huwandu hwekabhoni, inoratidzwa muchikamu chechiuru cheavhareji yehuwandu hwekabhoni. Semuenzaniso, T8 inoratidza huwandu hwekabhoni hwe0.8%; kune avo vane huwandu hwakawanda hwemanganese, "Mn'" yakanyorwa pamagumo enhamba yesimbi, semuenzaniso, "T8Mn'"; huwandu hwephosphorus nesarufa hwesimbi yekabhoni yemhando yepamusoro hwakaderera pane hwesimbi yekabhoni yemhando yepamusoro, uye bhii A rinowedzerwa mushure menhamba yesimbi kuti risiyaniswe.
Chishandiso chesimbi chinoshandiswa mu alloy
Zvinoreva simbi ine zvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganisa simbi kuti zvivandudze mashandiro esimbi yezvishandiso. Zvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa mukubatanidza simbi zvinosanganisira tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), nezvimwewo. Huwandu hwezvinhu zvinosanganisa simbi kazhinji hahupfuure 5%. Simbi yezvishandiso ine kuomarara kwakanyanya, kuomarara, kuramba kupfeka uye kusimba kupfuura simbi yezvishandiso zvekabhoni. Zvichienderana nechinangwa, inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: zvishandiso zvekucheka, mamolds nezvishandiso zvekuyera. Kubuda kwesimbi yemold kunoita inenge 80% yesimbi yezvishandiso zvemold. Pakati pazvo, simbi ine kabhoni yakawanda (wC yakakura kupfuura 0.80%) inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira zvishandiso zvekucheka, zvishandiso zvekuyera uye mamolds ekushanda anotonhora. Kuoma kwemhando iyi yesimbi mushure mekudzima kuri pamusoro peHRC60 uye ine simba rakakwana rekudzivirira kupera; simbi ine kabhoni iri pakati nepakati (wt0.35%~0.70%) inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira mamolds ekushanda anopisa. Kuoma kwesimbi yerudzi urwu mushure mekudzima kwakaderera zvishoma, paHRC50~55, asi nekusimba kwakanaka.
Simbi yekushandisa inomhanya zvikuru
Isimbi ine maturusi akasimba, kazhinji ichireva simbi inomhanya zvakanyanya. Kabhoni iri pakati pe0.70 ne1.65%, uye zvinhu zvinosanganisa masimbi zvakakwirira, nehuwandu hunosvika 10-25%, kusanganisira C, Mn, Si, Cr, V, W, Mo, neCo. Inogona kushandiswa kugadzira maturusi ekucheka anotenderera nekukurumidza, ane kuomarara kwakatsvuka, kuramba kupfeka zvakanaka, uye simba rakawanda, uye huwandu hweCr, V, W, neMo hwakakura. Kana tembiricha yekucheka yakakwira kusvika 600°C, kuomarara hakudonhe zvakanyanya. Inowanzo gadzirwa muchoto chemagetsi uye nzira yesimbi yeupfu inoshandiswa kugadzira simbi inomhanya zvakanyanya, kuitira kuti macarbides agoverwa zvakaenzana pa matrix muzvidimbu zvitete zvakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa. Maturusi esimbi anomhanya zvakanyanya anoumba angangoita 75% yehuwandu hwese hwezvigadzirwa zvemumba.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-16-2025