Insimbi yamathuluziisetshenziselwa ukwenza amathuluzi okusika, ama-gauge, isikhunta kanye namathuluzi angagugi. Insimbi yamathuluzi ejwayelekile inobulukhuni obuphezulu futhi ingagcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ubulukhuni obubomvu, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kanye nokuqina okufanele ekushiseni okuphezulu. Izidingo ezikhethekile zifaka phakathi ukuguqulwa okuncane kokwelashwa kokushisa, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokusebenza kahle komshini. Ngokwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali, insimbi yamathuluzi ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: insimbi yamathuluzi ekhabhoni, insimbi yamathuluzi e-alloy, kanye nensimbi yesivinini esikhulu (ngokuyisisekelo insimbi yamathuluzi e-alloy ephezulu); ngokwenhloso, ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: ukusikaithuluzi lensimbi, insimbi yokubumba, kanye nensimbi yokulinganisa.
Insimbi yamathuluzi ekhabhoni:
Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwensimbi yamathuluzi ekhabhoni kuphakeme kakhulu, phakathi kuka-0.65-1.35%. Ngemva kokwelashwa ngokushisa, ubuso bensimbi yamathuluzi ekhabhoni bungathola ubulukhuni nokuqina okuphezulu, kanti umongo unamandla okucubungula kangcono; ubulukhuni bokunamathela buphansi (hhayi ngaphezu kwe-HB207), ukusebenza kokucubungula kuhle, kodwa ubulukhuni obomvu abubuhle. Lapho izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lifika ku-250℃, ubulukhuni nokumelana nokuguguleka kwensimbi kwehla kakhulu, kanti ubulukhuni buyehla ngaphansi kwe-HRC60. Insimbi yamathuluzi ekhabhoni inokuqina okuphansi, futhi amathuluzi amakhulu awakwazi ukuqina (ububanzi bokuqina emanzini bungu-15mm). Ubulukhuni besendlalelo esiqinile sobuso kanye nengxenye ephakathi kuhluke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokucinywa kwamanzi, okulula ukuguquguqula noma ukwakha imifantu ngesikhathi sokucinywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa layo lokucinywa lincane, futhi izinga lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokucinywa. Vimbela ukushisa ngokweqile, ukuqedwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokuguqulwa. Insimbi yamathuluzi ekhabhoni iqanjwe ngo-"T" ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka nezinye izinsimbi: inombolo enombolweni yensimbi ikhombisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, okuvezwa ngekhulu lokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okumaphakathi. Isibonelo, i-T8 ikhombisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okumaphakathi okungu-0.8%; kulabo abanokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-manganese, i-"Mn'" imakwe ekugcineni kwenombolo yensimbi, isibonelo, "T8Mn'"; okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus ne-sulfur kwensimbi yamathuluzi ekhabhoni esezingeni eliphezulu kuphansi kunokwensimbi yamathuluzi ekhabhoni ejwayelekile esezingeni eliphezulu, futhi uhlamvu u-A lufakwa ngemuva kwenombolo yensimbi ukuze luhlukaniswe.
Insimbi yamathuluzi e-alloy
Kubhekiselwa ensimbini enezinto ezithile zokuhlanganisa ezingeziwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwensimbi yamathuluzi. Izinto zokuhlanganisa ezivame ukusetshenziswa zifaka phakathi i-tungsten (W), i-molybdenum (Mo), i-chromium (Cr), i-vanadium (V), i-titanium (Ti), njll. Okuqukethwe okuphelele kwezinto zokuhlanganisa ngokuvamile akudluli u-5%. Insimbi yamathuluzi e-alloy inokuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokuqina kunensimbi yamathuluzi e-carbon. Ngokwenhloso, ingahlukaniswa cishe ngezigaba ezintathu: amathuluzi okusika, isikhunta namathuluzi okulinganisa. Umphumela wensimbi yesikhunta uhlanganisa cishe u-80% wensimbi yamathuluzi e-alloy. Phakathi kwazo, insimbi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni (wC okukhulu kuno-0.80%) isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza amathuluzi okusika, amathuluzi okulinganisa kanye nesikhunta sokusebenza esibandayo. Ubulukhuni balolu hlobo lwensimbi ngemva kokucima bungaphezu kwe-HRC60 futhi bunokumelana okwanele kokuguguleka; insimbi enokuqukethwe okuphakathi kwekhabhoni (wt0.35% ~ 0.70%) isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza isikhunta sokusebenza esishisayo. Ubulukhuni balolu hlobo lwensimbi ngemva kokucisha buphansi kancane, ku-HRC50~55, kodwa buqinile kahle.
Insimbi yamathuluzi enesivinini esikhulu
Iyinsimbi yamathuluzi ene-alloy ephezulu, ngokuvamile ibhekisela ensimbini enesivinini esikhulu. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ngokuvamile kuphakathi kuka-0.70 no-1.65%, kanti izinto ezixubayo ziphakeme kakhulu, ngenani eliphelele elifika ku-10-25%, kufaka phakathi i-C, Mn, Si, Cr, V, W, Mo, kanye ne-Co. Ingasetshenziswa ukwenza amathuluzi okusika ajikelezayo anesivinini esikhulu, anobulukhuni obubomvu obukhulu, ukumelana okuhle nokuguguleka, kanye namandla aphezulu, kanti isilinganiso se-Cr, V, W, kanye ne-Mo sikhulu kakhulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa lokusika liphezulu njengo-600°C, ubulukhuni abuyehli kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kukhiqizwa esithandweni sikagesi futhi indlela ye-powder metallurgy isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza insimbi enesivinini esikhulu, ukuze ama-carbide asatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ku-matrix ngezinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu, okungandisa impilo yesevisi. Amathuluzi ensimbi enesivinini esikhulu aqukethe cishe u-75% wesamba sokukhiqiza amathuluzi asekhaya.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-16-2025