Insimbi yensimbiisetshenziselwa ukwenza amathuluzi okusika, amageji, isikhunta namathuluzi angagugi. Insimbi evamile yamathuluzi inokuqina okuphezulu futhi ingagcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ubulukhuni obubomvu, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kanye nokuqina okufanele ekushiseni okuphezulu. Izidingo ezikhethekile zifaka phakathi ukuguqulwa kokwelashwa kokushisa okuncane, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokusebenza kahle komshini. Ngokusho kwezinhlobo zamakhemikhali ezihlukene, insimbi yamathuluzi ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: insimbi yensimbi ye-carbon, insimbi yensimbi ye-alloy, nensimbi yesivinini esikhulu (okuyisisekelo sensimbi yamathuluzi e-alloy); ngokwenhloso, ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu: ukusikainsimbi yensimbi, insimbi yokubumba, nensimbi yokulinganisa.
Insimbi yensimbi ye-Carbon:
Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yensimbi yensimbi ye-carbon kuphakeme kakhulu, phakathi kuka-0.65-1.35%. Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa, ingaphezulu lensimbi yensimbi ye-carbon ingathola ubulukhuni obuphakeme nokuqina, futhi umnyombo unokucutshungulwa okungcono; ubulukhuni be-annealing buphansi (hhayi ngaphezu kwe-HB207), ukusebenza kokucubungula kuhle, kodwa ubulukhuni obubomvu bumpofu. Lapho izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lifinyelela ku-250 ℃, ukuqina nokumelana nokugqokwa kwensimbi kwehla kakhulu, futhi ukuqina kwehla ngaphansi kwe-HRC60. Insimbi yamathuluzi ekhabhoni inokuqina okuphansi, futhi amathuluzi amakhulu awakwazi ukuqina (ububanzi bokuqina emanzini bungu-15mm). Ukuqina kongqimba oluqinile olungaphezulu kanye nengxenye ephakathi kuhluke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokucisha amanzi, okulula ukukhubaza noma ukwakha imifantu ngesikhathi sokucisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa layo lokucisha lincane, futhi izinga lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokucisha. Vimbela ukushisa ngokweqile, i-decarburization kanye ne-deformation. Insimbi yensimbi ye-Carbon ifakwe kuqala ngo-"T" ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka nezinye izinsimbi: inombolo enombolweni yensimbi ibonisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, evezwa ngezinkulungwane zesilinganiso sokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni. Isibonelo, i-T8 ikhombisa isilinganiso sekhabhoni esingu-0.8%; kulabo abanokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-manganese, "Mn'" imakwe ekugcineni kwenombolo yensimbi, isibonelo, "T8Mn'"; okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus nesibabule sensimbi yensimbi yensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu kuphansi kunaleyo yensimbi yensimbi yensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu yekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi uhlamvu A lwengezwe ngemva kwenombolo yensimbi ukuyihlukanisa.
Insimbi yensimbi ye-alloy
Isho insimbi enezinto ezithile eziyingxubevange ezingezwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwensimbi yamathuluzi. Ama-elementi e-alloying asetshenziswa ngokuvamile ahlanganisa i-tungsten (W), i-molybdenum (Mo), i-chromium (Cr), i-vanadium (V), i-titanium (Ti), njll. Ingqikithi yokuqukethwe kwezinto eziyingxubevange ngokuvamile ayidluli u-5%. Insimbi yensimbi ye-alloy inokuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina, ukumelana nokugqokwa kanye nokuqina kunensimbi yethuluzi le-carbon. Ngokwenhloso, ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu: amathuluzi okusika, isikhunta namathuluzi wokulinganisa. Ukukhishwa kwensimbi yesikhunta cishe ku-80% wensimbi yensimbi ye-alloy. Phakathi kwazo, insimbi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni (wC enkulu kuno-0.80%) isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza amathuluzi okusika, amathuluzi okulinganisa kanye nesikhunta sokusebenza esibandayo. Ukuqina kwalolu hlobo lwensimbi ngemva kokucisha kungaphezu kwe-HRC60 futhi kunokumelana nokugqoka okwanele; insimbi enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni emaphakathi (wt0.35%~0.70%) isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza isikhunta esisebenzayo esishisayo. Ukuqina kwalolu hlobo lwensimbi ngemva kokucisha kuphansi kancane, ku-HRC50~55, kodwa ngokuqina okuhle.
High-speed ithuluzi steel
Insimbi yensimbi enengxubevange ephezulu, ngokuvamile isho insimbi enesivinini esikhulu. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ngokuvamile kuphakathi kuka-0.70 no-1.65%, futhi izakhi ze-alloying ziphakeme ngokuqhathaniswa, nenani eliphelele elifika ku-10-25%, okuhlanganisa i-C, Mn, Si, Cr, V, W, Mo, ne-Co. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza amathuluzi okusika agijima ngesivinini esikhulu, anobulukhuni obubomvu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqokwa okuhle, ukuqina kokugqoka kanye ne-Mor, amandla ahlobene, i-W enkulu. Uma izinga lokushisa lokusika liphezulu njengo-600 ° C, ubulukhuni namanje abuhlisi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kukhiqizwa esithandweni sikagesi futhi indlela ye-powder metallurgy isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza insimbi enesivinini esikhulu, ukuze ama-carbides asatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ku-matrix ngezinhlayiya ezinhle kakhulu, ezingandisa impilo yesevisi. Amathuluzi ensimbi anesivinini esikhulu enza cishe u-75% wengqikithi yokukhiqizwa kwamathuluzi asekhaya.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-16-2025