Intsimbi yesixhoboisetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zokusika, iigeyiji, iimold kunye nezixhobo ezingagugiyo. Intsimbi yezixhobo ngokubanzi inobunzima obuphezulu kwaye inokugcina ubunzima obuphezulu, ubunzima obomvu, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kunye nokuqina okufanelekileyo kubushushu obuphezulu. Iimfuno ezikhethekileyo ziquka ukuguqulwa okuncinci konyango lobushushu, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokusebenza kakuhle koomatshini. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali, intsimbi yezixhobo yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: intsimbi yezixhobo zekhabhoni, intsimbi yezixhobo ze-alloy, kunye nentsimbi ekhawulezayo (ngokuyintloko intsimbi yezixhobo ze-alloy ephezulu); ngokwenjongo, inokwahlulwa ibe ngamaqela amathathu: ukusikaisixhobo sentsimbi, intsimbi yokubumba, kunye nentsimbi yokulinganisa.
Isixhobo sekhabhoni sentsimbi:
Umxholo wekhabhoni wentsimbi yesixhobo sekhabhoni uphezulu, phakathi kwe-0.65-1.35%. Emva konyango lobushushu, umphezulu wentsimbi yesixhobo sekhabhoni unokufumana ubunzima nokuqina okuphezulu, kwaye umbindi unokusebenza ngcono; ubunzima bokutsalela buphantsi (kungabi ngaphezu kwe-HB207), ukusebenza kokucubungula kulungile, kodwa ubunzima obomvu abulunganga. Xa ubushushu bokusebenza bufikelela kwi-250℃, ubunzima kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwentsimbi kwehla kakhulu, kwaye ubunzima buyehla ngaphantsi kwe-HRC60. Intsimbi yesixhobo sekhabhoni inokuqina okuphantsi, kwaye izixhobo ezinkulu azinakuqina (ububanzi bokuqina emanzini yi-15mm). Ubunzima bomaleko oqinisiweyo womphezulu kunye nenxalenye ephakathi yahlukile kakhulu ngexesha lokucima amanzi, okulula ukuguquguqula okanye ukwenza imifantu ngexesha lokucima. Ukongeza, uluhlu lwayo lobushushu bokucima luncinci, kwaye ubushushu kufuneka bulawulwe ngokungqongqo ngexesha lokucima. Thintela ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ukususwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokuguqulwa. Intsimbi yesixhobo sekhabhoni iqatshelwe ngo-"T" ukuze kuthintelwe ukudideka nezinye iintsimbi: inani elikwinombolo yentsimbi libonisa umxholo wekhabhoni, ochazwe kwiwaka leenxalenye zomxholo wekhabhoni oqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, i-T8 ibonisa umxholo ophakathi wekhabhoni we-0.8%; kwabo banomxholo ophezulu we-manganese, "i-Mn'" iphawulwe ekupheleni kwenombolo yentsimbi, umzekelo, "i-T8Mn'"; umxholo we-phosphorus kunye ne-sulfur wentsimbi yesixhobo sekhabhoni esemgangathweni uphantsi kunowentsimbi yesixhobo sekhabhoni esemgangathweni, kwaye unobumba u-A wongezwa emva kwenombolo yentsimbi ukuze ahluke.
Isixhobo se-alloy sentsimbi
Ibhekisa kwintsimbi enezinto ezithile zokudibanisa ezongeziweyo ukuphucula ukusebenza kwentsimbi yesixhobo. Izinto zokudibanisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka i-tungsten (W), i-molybdenum (Mo), i-chromium (Cr), i-vanadium (V), i-titanium (Ti), njl. Umxholo opheleleyo wezinto zokudibanisa ngokubanzi awudluli kwi-5%. Intsimbi yesixhobo se-alloy inokuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina, ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokuqina kunentsimbi yesixhobo se-carbon. Ngokwenjongo, inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu: izixhobo zokusika, ii-molds kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa. Imveliso yentsimbi ye-mold ibandakanya malunga ne-80% yentsimbi yesixhobo se-alloy. Phakathi kwazo, intsimbi enomxholo ophezulu we-carbon (wC engaphezulu kwe-0.80%) isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izixhobo zokusika, izixhobo zokulinganisa kunye nee-molds zokusebenza ezibandayo. Ubunzima bolu hlobo lwentsimbi emva kokucima bungaphezulu kwe-HRC60 kwaye bunokumelana okwaneleyo kokuguguleka; intsimbi enomxholo ophakathi we-carbon (wt0.35% ~ 0.70%) isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ii-molds zokusebenza ezishushu. Ubunzima bolu hlobo lwentsimbi emva kokucima buphantsi kancinci, kwi-HRC50~55, kodwa buqinile kakuhle.
Isixhobo sentsimbi esinesantya esiphezulu
Yintsimbi yesixhobo esine-alloy ephezulu, ngokubanzi ibhekisa kwintsimbi ekhawulezayo. Umxholo wekhabhoni ngokubanzi uphakathi kwe-0.70 kunye ne-1.65%, kwaye izinto ezidibanisayo ziphezulu, kunye nesixa esipheleleyo esifikelela kwi-10-25%, kubandakanya i-C, Mn, Si, Cr, V, W, Mo, kunye ne-Co. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zokusika ezijikelezayo ezikhawulezayo, ezinobunzima obubomvu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuhle, kunye namandla aphezulu, kwaye umlinganiselo we-Cr, V, W, kunye ne-Mo mkhulu kakhulu. Xa ubushushu bokusika bufikelela kwi-600°C, ubunzima abunciphi kakhulu. Ihlala iveliswa kwisithando sombane kwaye indlela ye-powder metallurgy isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa intsimbi ekhawulezayo, ukuze ii-carbides zisasazwe ngokulinganayo kwi-matrix ngamasuntswana amancinci kakhulu, anokunyusa ubomi benkonzo. Izixhobo zentsimbi ekhawulezayo zimalunga ne-75% yemveliso iyonke yezixhobo zasekhaya.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-16-2025