1. Ngā tohu tauine mata
Ngā āhuatanga matua: Te tukatuka hē o te matengā mea hangaka puta he mata taratara, he tohu unahi ika hoki. He ngāwari te puta o ēnei tohu taratara o te unahi ika i te wā e hanga ana i te maitai kore waikura austenitic me te martensitic.
Take: Ko te kiriuhi hūpē ā-rohe i puta mai i te kore taurite o te hinu whakahinuhinu, te kōwhiringa whakahinuhinu hē rānei me te kounga iti o te hinu whakahinuhinu.
2. Ngā hapa hapa
Ngā āhuatanga matua: Kāore i te tika te tūnga o te wāhanga o runga o te hanga mati i te taha o raro i te mata wehewehe.
Take: Kāore he raka taurite kore i runga i te mata whao, kāore rānei i te tika te tāutanga o te mata whao, he nui rawa rānei te āputa i waenganui i te pane hama me te reri arataki.
3. Kāore i te rawaka ngā hapa hanga mate
Ngā āhuatanga matua: Ka piki ake te rahi o te hanga mati i te ahunga poutū ki te mata wehewehe. Ina nui ake te rahi i te rahi kua tohua i roto i te tuhi, ka kore e ranea te hanga mati.
Take: Ko te rahi nui, te iti o te pāmahana hanga, te nui o te pakaru o te kōhao mate, me ētahi atu, ka hua ake he kore e ranea te pēhanga, te ātete nui rānei o te piriti uira, te kore e ranea te taumaha o ngā taputapu, me te nui rawa o te rahinga o ngā pire.
4. Kāore i te rawaka te whakakī ā-rohe
Ngā Āhuatanga Matua: Ka kitea te nuinga i ngā rara, i ngā kokonga mate pūkohu, me ērā atu o ngā whakakī mate, ā, kāore i te rawaka te whakakī o te tihi o te wāhanga whakakī, o ngā kokonga rānei o ngā whakakī, ka kore e mārama te āhua o ngā whakakī.
Take: Kāore i te whaitake te hoahoa o te kōhao mate hanga-mua me te kōhao mate tāpae, he iti te taumaha o ngā taputapu, kāore i te nui te wera o te mea tāpae, ā, he ngoikore te rere o te konganuku, ka puta ai tēnei hapa.
5. Ngā toenga hanganga whakarewa
Ngā Āhuatanga Matua: Mena he hanganga whakarewa toenga, he maha ngā wā kāore e taea te whakataurite i te roa me te kaha ngenge o ngā whakarewa. Nā te mea i runga i te wāhanga whakamātautau iti-whakanui, kāore e kitea ngā raina o te wāhanga kua āraia o te whakarewa toenga, ā, ka kitea anō hoki ngā hua dendritic, e puta ana i roto i ngā whakarewa e whakamahi ana i ngā poro maitai hei papa.
Take: Nā te kore e ranea te ōwehenga hanga, te tikanga hanga hē rānei. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei hapa te mahi a ngā hanga, inā koa te pakari o te pānga me ngā āhuatanga ngenge.
6. Te kore ōrite o te witi
Ngā āhuatanga matua: Ngā witi i ētahi wāhanga o tengā mea hangahe tino taratara, ko ngā kakano ia o ētahi atu wāhanga he iti ake, ka hanga he kakano kāore i te ōrite. Ko ngā koranu pāmahana teitei me ngā maitai ātete wera he tino tairongo ki te kore ōrite o te kakano.
Take: Ko te iti o te pāmahana hanga whakamutunga ka whakapakeke i te mahi ā-rohe o te konganuku pāmahana-tiketike. I te wā e tinei ana, e whakamahana ana rānei, ka tino tupu ētahi kōhao, ka tino teitei rawa rānei te pāmahana hanga tuatahi, ā, kāore i te rawaka te whakarerekētanga, ka taka te nui o te whakarerekētanga o te rohe ki te whakarerekētanga nui. Ko te kore taurite o ngā kōhao ka ngawari te heke o te mahi ngenge me te roa.
7. Ngā hapa whakapiko
Ngā Āhuatanga Matua: Kei ngā kopa o te tauira iti-whakanuia ngā raina e piko ana, ā, he rite te āhua o ngā kopa ki ngā kapiti. Mena he kapiti, ka tapahia kia rua ngā raina. I runga i te tauira nui-whakanuia, he rerekē ki te raro o te kapiti, kua tino waikura ngā taha e rua, ā, he pūngoi te raro kopa.
Take: Ko te nuinga o te wā, he iti rawa te whāngai, he nui rawa te whakaiti, he iti rawa rānei te porowhita o te anga whakarewa i te wā e kumea ana ngā whakarewa tokotoko me ngā whakarewa porowhita. Nā ngā hapa whakapiko ka hanumi te mata whakarewa kua waikurahia i te wā e whakarewahia ana.
8. Te tohatoha tere o te hanga-ā-ringa hē
Ngā Āhuatanga Matua: Ka whakangawari i te aueuetanga pērā i te whakangawari i te reflux, te au hurihuri, te momotu, ā, ka puta te convection ina iti te mana o te hanga.
Take: Te hoahoa hē o te mate, te kōwhiringa hē o te tikanga hanga, te āhua me te rahi o te pirepire kāore i te tika.
9. Hanganga here
Ngā Āhuatanga Matua: He hanganga e tohatohahia ana ētahi atu hanganga, ngā wāhanga ferrite rānei i roto i ngā mea hanga i roto i ngā whitiki. Ko te nuinga o te wā kei roto i te maitai kore waikura austenitic-ferritic, te maitai haurua-martensitic me te maitai eutectoid.
Take: Ka puta tēnei i te whakarerekētanga o te hanganga ina noho tahi ngā huinga wāhanga e rua. Ka whakaitihia te taupū kirihou whakawhiti o te rauemi, ā, ka ngawari ki te pakaru i te rohe ferrite, i te rohe rānei i waenganui i ngā wāhanga e rua.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-13-2024