Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili kunye nezizathu zeziphene eziqhelekileyo kwii-forgings?

1. Iimpawu zesikali somphezulu
Iimpawu eziphambili: Ukulungiswa okungafanelekanga kwedayiizinto zokufunxakuya kubangela imiphezulu erhabaxa kunye neempawu zesikali seentlanzi. Ezi mpawu zesikali seentlanzi ezirhabaxa ziveliswa lula xa kusenziwa intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-austenitic kunye ne-martensitic.
Isizathu: Ulwelwesi lwe-mucous lwasekuhlaleni olubangelwa kukuthambisa okungalinganiyo okanye ukukhetha ukuthambisa okungafanelekanga kunye nomgangatho ophantsi weoyile yokuthambisa.
2. Iziphene zeempazamo
Iimpawu eziphambili: Inxalenye ephezulu ye-die forging ayilungelelananga kakuhle xa ithelekiswa nenxalenye esezantsi ecaleni komphezulu wokwahlulahlula.
Isizathu: Akukho sitshixo sokungalungelelani kakuhle kwi-forging die, okanye i-die forging ayifakwanga ngokuchanekileyo, okanye umsantsa phakathi kwentloko yesando kunye nereyile yesikhokelo mkhulu kakhulu.
3. Iziphene zokubumba iidayi ezingonelanga
Iimpawu eziphambili: Ubungakanani be-die forging buyanda kwicala elithe nkqo kumphezulu wokuhlukana. Xa ubungakanani budlula ubungakanani obuchazwe kumzobo, kuya kubakho i-die forging enganeleyo.
Isizathu: Ubukhulu obukhulu, ubushushu obuphantsi bokubumba, ukuguguleka okugqithisileyo kwe-die cavity, njl.njl. kuya kukhokelela ekungoneleni koxinzelelo okanye ukuxhathisa okugqithisileyo kwe-flash bridge, ukungoneli kwezixhobo, kunye nomthamo omkhulu we-billet.
4. Ukuzaliswa okungonelanga kwendawo
Iimpawu eziphambili: Ivela ikakhulu kwiimbambo, kwiikona ezifileyo ezingqukuva, njl.njl. zee-die forgings, kwaye umphezulu wenxalenye yokuzalisa okanye iikona zee-forgings azizaliswanga ngokwaneleyo, okwenza umphezulu wee-forgings ungacaci.
Isizathu: Uyilo lwe-preforming die cavity kunye ne-blanking die cavity alunangqiqo, i-tonnage yezixhobo incinci, i-blank ayifudunyezwanga ngokwaneleyo, kwaye i-metal fluidity ayilunganga, nto leyo enokubangela esi siphene.
5. Intsalela yesakhiwo sokuphosa
Iimpawu eziphambili: Ukuba kukho isakhiwo sokuphosa esisele, ukunwebeka kunye namandla okudinwa kwee-forgings adla ngokungafaneleki. Kuba kwisiqwenga sovavanyo esiphantsi, ulungelelwaniso lwenxalenye evaliweyo ye-residual casting alubonakali, kwaye neemveliso ze-dendritic zinokubonwa, ezibonakala kakhulu kwii-forgings zisebenzisa ii-ingots zentsimbi njengezingenanto.
Isizathu: Ngenxa yokungalingani kakuhle kwendlela yokwenza izinto okanye indlela yokwenza izinto engafanelekanga. Esi siphene sinciphisa ukusebenza kwezinto ezisebenza ngayo, ingakumbi ukuqina kwempembelelo kunye neempawu zokudinwa.
6. Ukungalingani kweenkozo
Iimpawu eziphambili: Iinkozo kwezinye iindawo zeizinto zokufunxazirhabaxa kakhulu, ngelixa iinkozo kwezinye iindawo zincinci, zenza iinkozo ezingalinganiyo. Ii-alloys ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye neentsimbi ezingatshiyo zinovelwano kakhulu kukungalingani kweenkozo.
Isizathu: Ubushushu obuphantsi bokugqibela bokubumba bubangela ukuqina komsebenzi wendawo we-alloy billet yobushushu obuphezulu. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokucima nokufudumeza, ezinye iinkozo zikhula kakhulu okanye ubushushu bokuqala bokubumba buphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ukuguquka akwanelanga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inqanaba lokuguquka kwendawo yasekuhlaleni liwele kwinguquko ebalulekileyo. Ukungalingani kweenkozo kunokukhokelela ngokulula ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kokudinwa kunye nokuqina.
7. Iziphene ezigoqekayo
Iimpawu eziphambili: Ii-streamlines zigobile kwiindawo ezigobileyo zesampuli yokukhulisa okuphantsi, kwaye ii-folds zifana ngokubonakala nee-cracks. Ukuba yi-crack, ii-streamlines ziya kunqunyulwa kabini. Kwisampuli yokukhulisa okuphakamileyo, ngokungafaniyo nezantsi le-crack, amacala omabini axinene kakhulu kwaye umzantsi ogobileyo awucacanga.
Isizathu: Ibangelwa ikakhulu kukutya okuncinci kakhulu, ukuncipha kakhulu okanye i-anvil fillet radius encinci kakhulu ngexesha lenkqubo yokuzoba ii-rod forgings kunye nee-crankshaft forgings. Iziphene ezigoqekayo zibangela ukuba i-oxidized surface metal idibane kunye ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba.
8. Ukusasazwa okungalunganga kokwenza izinto lula
Iimpawu eziphambili: Ukuxinana kombane okufana nokuhla kombane okukhawulezayo, umbane we-eddy, ukuqhawuka kombane, kunye nokujikeleza kombane kwenzeka xa umbane unamandla aphantsi.
Isizathu: Uyilo olungalunganga lwedayi, ukhetho olungafanelekanga lwendlela yokubumba, imo engafanelekanga kunye nobukhulu be-billet.
9. Ulwakhiwo olunemitya
Iimpawu eziphambili: Isakhiwo apho ezinye izakhiwo okanye ii-ferrite phases kwi-forgings zisasazwa khona ngeebhendi. Sifumaneka ikakhulu kwi-austenitic-ferritic stainless steel, i-semi-martensitic steel kunye ne-eutectoid steel.
Isizathu: Oku kubangelwa kukuguqulwa kwezinto xa iiseti ezimbini zezixhobo zisebenza kunye. Kunciphisa i-transverse plasticity index yezinto kwaye kulula ukuqhekeka kwindawo ye-ferrite okanye umda ophakathi kwezigaba ezibini.