Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko kanye nezimbangela zeziphambeko ezivamile ekufakweni kwe-forging?

1. Izimpawu zesikali somphezulu
Izici eziyinhloko: Ukucutshungulwa okungalungile kwedayiukuxubhakuzobangela izindawo ezimahhadlahhadla kanye namamaki esikali sezinhlanzi. Amamaki anjalo esikali sezinhlanzi amahhadlahhadla akhiqizwa kalula lapho kwenziwa insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ne-martensitic.
Imbangela: Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwendawo olubangelwa ukugcotshwa okungalingani noma ukukhethwa okungalungile kokugcotshwa kanye nekhwalithi ephansi yamafutha okugcotshwa.
2. Amaphutha amaphutha
Izici eziyinhloko: Ingxenye engenhla ye-die forging ayilingani kahle uma iqhathaniswa nengxenye engezansi eduze kwendawo yokuhlukana.
Imbangela: Akukho ukukhiya okungalingani kahle okulinganiselwe kudayi wokubumba, noma idayi yokubumba ayifakwanga kahle, noma igebe eliphakathi kwekhanda lesando kanye nereyili yokuqondisa likhulu kakhulu.
3. Ukungapheleli kwamaphutha okwakha izinki
Izici eziyinhloko: Usayizi we-die forging uyanda ohlangothini oluqondile nolwendawo yokuhlukana. Uma usayizi udlula usayizi ochazwe emdwebeni, i-die forging enganele izokwenzeka.
Imbangela: Usayizi omkhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokufaka, ukuguguleka ngokweqile kwe-die cavity, njll. kuzoholela ekucindezelweni okunganele noma ukumelana ngokweqile kwe-flash bridge, ukungabi namandla okwanele kwemishini, kanye nomthamo we-billet owedlulele.
4. Ukugcwaliswa kwendawo okunganele
Izici eziyinhloko: Kwenzeka kakhulu ezimbanjeni, emakhoneni afile ahlanganisiwe, njll. ezindawo zokufaka insimbi, futhi ingxenye engaphezulu yokugcwalisa noma amakhona ezindawo zokufaka insimbi azigcwali ngokwanele, okwenza uhlaka lwezindawo zokufaka insimbi lungacaci.
Isizathu: Umklamo we-preforming die cavity kanye ne-blanking die cavity awufaneleki, ubukhulu bemishini buncane, i-blank ayishisi ngokwanele, futhi ukugeleza kwensimbi kubi, okungase kubangele lesi sici.
5. Ukuphonsa insalela yesakhiwo
Izici Eziyinhloko: Uma kukhona isakhiwo sokuphonsa esisele, ukunwebeka kanye namandla okukhathala kwama-forgings avame ukungafaneleki. Ngoba engxenyeni yokuhlola yokukhulisa okuphansi, ukugeleza kwengxenye evinjiwe ye-residual casting akubonakali, futhi ngisho nemikhiqizo ye-dendritic ingabonakala, ebonakala kakhulu kuma-forgings esebenzisa ama-ingot ensimbi njengezikhala.
Isizathu: Ngenxa yokunganeli kwesilinganiso sokubumba noma indlela yokubumba engafanele. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-forgings, ikakhulukazi ukuqina komthelela kanye nezakhiwo zokukhathala.
6. Ukungalingani kokusanhlamvu
Izici eziyinhloko: Okusanhlamvu kwezinye izingxenye zeukuxubhaziqinile kakhulu, kanti okusanhlamvu kwezinye izingxenye kuncane, kwakha okusanhlamvu okungalingani. Ama-alloy okushisa okuphezulu kanye nezinsimbi ezingamelani nokushisa zizwela kakhulu ukungalingani kokusanhlamvu.
Imbangela: Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokugcina lokufaka libangela ukuqina komsebenzi wendawo we-billet ye-alloy yokushisa okuphezulu. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokucima nokushisa, ezinye izinhlamvu zikhula kakhulu noma izinga lokushisa lokuqala lokufaka liphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukuguquka akwanele, okubangela izinga lokuguquka kwendawo yendawo ukuba liwele ekuguqukeni okubucayi. Ukungalingani kwezinhlayiya kungaholela kalula ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kokukhathala nokuqina.
7. Amaphutha okugoqeka
Izici eziyinhloko: Ama-streamline agobile emagobolondweni esampula yokukhulisa okuphansi, futhi ama-fold abukeka afana nama-crack. Uma kuyi-crack, ama-streamline azonqunywa kabili. Kusampula yokukhulisa okuphezulu, ngokungafani nephansi le-crack, izinhlangothi ezimbili zi-oxidized kakhulu kanti iphansi eligoqekayo libuthuntu.
Imbangela: Ibangelwa kakhulu ukudla okuncane kakhulu, ukuncipha kakhulu noma i-radius encane kakhulu ye-anvil fillet ngesikhathi senqubo yokudweba izinsimbi zenduku kanye nezinsimbi ze-crankshaft. Amaphutha okugoqa abangela ukuthi insimbi engaphezulu e-oxidized ihlangane ndawonye ngesikhathi senqubo yokwakheka.
8. Ukusatshalaliswa kokuqondisa okungalungile
Izici eziyinhloko: Ukuguquguquka komugqa okufana nokunciphisa i-reflux, i-eddy current, ukunqamuka komoya, kanye ne-convection kwenzeka lapho ukwakheka kwamandla kuphansi.
Imbangela: Umklamo wedayi ongafanele, ukukhetha okungafanele kwendlela yokubumba, ukuma okungafanele kanye nosayizi we-billet.
9. Isakhiwo esinamabhande
Izici eziyinhloko: Isakhiwo lapho ezinye izakhiwo noma izigaba ze-ferrite eziku-forgings zisatshalaliswa khona ngamabhande. Sitholakala kakhulu ensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic-ferritic, insimbi ye-semi-martensitic kanye nensimbi ye-eutectoid.
Imbangela: Lokhu kubangelwa ukwakheka kokuguquguquka lapho amasethi amabili ezingxenye ehlangana ndawonye. Kunciphisa inkomba yepulasitiki eguquguqukayo yezinto futhi kulula ukuqhekeka endaweni ye-ferrite noma umngcele ophakathi kwezigaba ezimbili.